Fabric strength

Dialkylphosphonopropionamides. CeUulosic derivatives that closely resemble those based on the dialkylphosphonopropionamides have been prepared (71). The fabric was treated with AJ-hydrox raethylhaloacetamides (chloro, bromo, or iodo) in DME solution by a pad-dry-cure technique with a 2inc nitrate [10196-18-6] catalyst. It was then allowed to react in solution with trimethyl phosphite [121 -45-9] at about 140—150°C the reaction rates decreased in the order iodo > bromo > chloro. With phosphoms contents above 1.5%, good flame resistance, durable to laundering, was obtained without noticeable loss in fabric strength. 

Ammonia—Gas-Cured Flame Retardants. The first flame-retardant process based on curing with ammonia gas, ie, THPC—amide—NH, consisted of padding cotton with a solution containing THPC, TMM, and urea. The fabric was dried and then cured with either gaseous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide (96). There was Httle or no reaction with cellulose. A very stable polymer was deposited in situ in the cellulose matrix. Because the fire-retardant finish did not actually react with the cellulose matrix, there was generally Httle loss in fabric strength. However, the finish was very effective and quite durable to laundering. 

Nonwoven bonding processes iatedock webs or layers of fibers, filaments, or yams by mechanical, chemical, or thermal means. The extent of bonding is a significant factor ia determining fabric strength, dexibiUty, porosity, density, loft, and thickness. Bonding is normally a sequential operation performed ia tandem with web formation, but it is also carried out as a separate and distinct operation. 

N,]S7-bis(methoxymethyl)uron was first isolated and described in 1936 (41), but was commercialized only in 1960. It is manufactured (42) by the reaction of 4 mol of formaldehyde with 1 mol of urea at 60°C under highly alkaline conditions to form tetramethylolurea [2787-01-1]. After concentration under reduced pressure to remove water, excess methanol is charged and the reaction continued under acidic conditions at ambient temperatures to close the ring and methylate the hydroxymethyl groups. After filtration to remove the precipitated salts, the methanolic solution is concentrated to recover excess methanol. The product (75—85% pure) is then mixed with a methylated melamine—formaldehyde resin to reduce fabric strength losses in the presence of chlorine, and diluted with water to 50—75% soHds. Uron resins do not find significant use today due to the greater amounts of formaldehyde released from fabric treated with these resins. 

Stress—Strain Curve. Other than the necessity for adequate tensile strength to allow processibiUty and adequate finished fabric strength, the performance characteristics of many textile items are governed by properties of fibers measured at relatively low strains (up to 5% extension) and by the change ia these properties as a function of varyiag environmental conditions (48). Thus, the whole stress—strain behavior of fibers from 2ero to ultimate extension should be studied, and various parameters should be selected to identify characteristics that can be related to performance. 

High polymer strength contributes to fabric strength and high seam slippage values... 

By the mid-1990s, several new cellulase enzyme products had evolved for denim washing. Fower degrees of fabric strength loss were achieved with individual cellulase enzyme components, most prominently Trichoderma EG3 [16] and Humicola EGS [17]. Trichoderma cellulase used in combination with protease improved its performance to close to that of the Humicola cellulase [18]. 

Make conductive fiber filament embedded in pure cotton fabric, flame retardant finishing on fabric (Zhang et al. 2011). This method can obtain good flame-retardant antistatic performance, but the washing resistance is poorer, flame retardant fabric strength is low, shooting style is still thick and hard. 

Seam strength is often referred to as seam efficiency, which is an expression of seam strength as a function of fabric strength. 

Un-seamed fabric strength Seamed fabric strength... 

Melamine fibres are primarily known for their inherent thermal resistance and outstanding heat blocking capability in direct flame applications. This high stability is due to the cross-linked nature of the polymer and the low thermal conductivity of melamine resin. The dielectric properties and its cross-sectional shape and distribution make melamine ideal for high temperature filtration applications. It is sometimes blended with aramid or other high strength fibres to increase final fabric strength. 

In summary, the filtration characteristics are greatly affected by the type of weave pattern, as this will increase or decrease the open spaces between the fibres. This will affect both the fabric strength and its permeability. Fabric permeability affects the amount of air passing through the filter at a specified pressure drop. In a tight weave fabric, for instance, a low air permeability is better for the capture of small particles at the cost of increased pressure drop. 

The fabric count refers to the number of warp yarns (ends) per centimetre and number of filling yarns (picks) per centimetre. For example, a fabric count of 8.5x4.5 means that there are 8.5 ends per centimetre running in the warp (lengthwise) direction and 4.5 picks per centimetre running in the fill (transverse) direction. Fabric count plus the properties of the warp and fill yarns used to weave fabrics are the principal factors which determine fabric strength. 

Pan N (1996) An analysis on woven fabric strengths prediction of fabric strength under uniaxial and biaxial extensions. Compos Sci Technol 56(3) 311—327 Parks C, Frederick J, Porter P, Murdock E (1993) Growing flax in South Carolina. Clemson University Cooperative Extensimi Service, Clemson, SC, 16 pp Przybyla-Wilkes A (2007) Flax heart health Flax use up as health benefits better realized. Prepared Foods BNP Publication April 1—7 pp... 

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