Laundry processes

Detergent Applications. The primary function of FWAs in the laundry process is to whiten fabric load and maintain the original appearance of the white, laundered articles. Laundering is characterized by repeated appHcation to the same item. Fluorescent whiteners used in this repetitive process have to compensate for the reduction in whiteness and contribute toward prolongation of the usefiil life of the textile material. 

Again, the optimum nonionic of choice for this application will depend upon the type of soil to be removed in the laundry process. For example, Figure 3 shows the optimum nonionic for removing typical sebum soil (body oil) in a nonbuilt heavy duty liquid. This figure shows that the optimum lies in the circle between and C., alcohol at an ethylene oxide level of 60 to oO percent. The peak of this optimum would be in the vicinity of a alcohol with 70 percent EO. This is considerably higher in EO content than the ethylene oxide optimum found for powdered laundry detergents. 

The function of hydrotropes in detergency has been discussed as regards their interaction with surfactant colloidal association structures, especially lyotropic liquid crystals. The main activity of the hydrotrope as a part of a liquid detergent is to avoid gelation in both the concentrated package system and under the dilute conditions in the actual laundry process. 

Calculate the percent composition of borax, Na2B207, used in commercial laundry processes. 

Polectron 430. [ISP] Sfyrene/PVP co-pdymer binder and adhesive f< -wood, cotton, p , glass, flour, concrete sta-bflizer and opadfien laundry processing stabilizer for detergents textile and paper coatings, latex nig backups, floor wax emulsions, and cosmetics. 

Laundry Process. Fabric swatches were individually laundered in stainless steel canisters of an Atlas Launder-Ometer (model B5), using a modified AATCC test method 61-1980 (26). Constant temperature of the Launder-Ometer water bath was maintained. At the end of each cycle, water was decanted from the canisters. Additional water of the specified temperature was then added for the subsequent cycle. Following completion of the laundry process, the fabric swatches were air-dried and then retained in glass for extraction. 

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the degree of contamination between fabrics and formulations showed no significant difference (F 1.601, d.f. 5,12), indicating that both fabrics Initially retained like amounts of IfeP. Comparisons of fabric contamination after laundry were calculated to ascertain the amounts of MeP remaining after the laundry process. 

Residue Remaining After Laundering. The laundry process removed a mean of 80% to 99% MeP (Table I). Residues were lower for encapsulated (ENC) and wettable powder (WP) formulations, with ranges of 1% to 7% MeP residue. Bnulslfiable concentrate (EC) MeP residues were higher, ranging from 12% to 20%, indicating that EC formulation apparently was more difficult to remove. 

Uses Binder, adhesive for wood, cotton, paper, glass fiber, flour, concrete film-former, opacifier in cosmetics laundry processing stabilizer for detergents, textiles, paper coatings, latex rug backings, floor wax emulsions, cosmetics Manuf/Dlstrlb. Aldrich Trade Names Polectron 430... 

Sodium polymetaphosphate laundry bags Polypropylene laundry processing Styrene/PVP copolymer laundry soaps Sodium silicofluoride laundry sours... 

In laundry processes, small quantities of oligophosphates will sequester iron and other cations which might otherwise discolour the fabrics. In industrial bottle-washing operations, small quantities of oligophosphates will prevent deposition of salts in the machinery and also produce brighter bottles by improving the action of the detergents present. 

The impact of these concomitant substitutions and modifications on detergent formulation and the modes of consnmer applications of these newly emerging greener products on the ultimately resulting detergent performance is rather substantial. The historical environmentally related impact on the formulations and consequent results and performance of laundry processes and their applications by consumers are danonstrated in Table 1.1 [3,4]. 

The detergent industry produces many proteases and lipases in huge amounts. These are largely used as additives for detergents to effect the hydrolysis of proteinogenic and fatty impurities in the laundry process. 

Eigure 10.16 reprinted from Warmoeskerken, M.M.C.G., van der Vlist, R, Moholkar, V.S. and Nierstrasz, VA. Laundry process intensification by ultrasound. 

A special microbicidal treatment based on chlorine is described (Williams, 1999) where cotton is grafted with N-halamines (II, 21.). This compound slowly decomposes releasing chlorine, which is the key to the compounds effectiveness. The treatment can be easily refreshed by a dilute rinse of chlorine bleach and water (as is common to many industrial laundry processes). 

The superomniphobic polyester fabrics tested with the blade test by the same group (Zhou et al.) were also tested under laimdry and circular abrasion [49]. In the machine laundry process, the coated fabric did not show changes in the APCAs of water, hexadecane or ethanol after 200 cycles of washing. However, the SA values increased to 4.5°, 36.7°, and 47.5° for water, hexadecane, and ethanol respectively. After 20000 abrasion cycles nearly no nanoparticles could be observed on the top surface. However, the damaged surface after the abrasion test was healable when the coated fabric was heated at 140° C for 30 min. The APCAs of water and hexadecane recovered to 171° and 152°, respectively. However, the heat treatment could increase the APCA of ethanol only to 127°. 

There are three different ways of treating clothes with a fabric softener in the laundry process rinse cycle wash cycle dryer cycle. 

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