Detergents application

Detergent Applications. The primary function of FWAs in the laundry process is to whiten fabric load and maintain the original appearance of the white, laundered articles. Laundering is characterized by repeated appHcation to the same item. Fluorescent whiteners used in this repetitive process have to compensate for the reduction in whiteness and contribute toward prolongation of the usefiil life of the textile material. 

Alkyl sulfates and alcohol ether sulfates have been established for use in emulsion polymerization. AOS, although it has been used for many detergent applications during the past four decades, does not find any large-scale use as a primary surfactant system in emulsion polymerization. A study by Kreis [92] has shown that AOS surfactants are very well able to produce a small size latex and have excellent foaming characteristics (i.e., foam height and stability) in latex. They should therefore be able to compete with alkyl sulfates and alcohol ether sulfates. 

BPN is a 275 amino acid protease with a serine in the active site. Since it is functional in an alkaline environment it has potential use in detergent applications. Our program was to change specific characteristics of BPN to make it more effective in certain applications. Two main activities were targeted pH range and oxidative stability (since bleaches are often components of detergents). 

Figure 8.7 shows the ternary phase diagram for water, hexanoic acid, and sodium dodecyl sulfate at 25 °C. Seven different areas are shown in the figure, which has been used to describe the solubilization of polar dirt by surfactant solutions in detergency applications. The following comments refer to these seven different regions and explain the labeling used in Figure 8.7 ...

SOURCE FMC Corp. Detergent Applications Bulletin No. 4 Suggested Formulations... 

Bleaches. In many detergent applications, the action of a supplementary bleaching agent is necessary or desirable. It is frequently preferable lo incorporate the bleach directly into the deteigent product for reasons of convenience or performance. 

Several alcohols in the Q—Cu range nre produced by oxo reactions and are used in both plasticizer and detergent applications. Linear C12— C15 alcohols are employed primarily in detergent applications. 

AOS prepared from a-olefins in the C -Cjg range are most suitable for detergent applications. 

Jaworska, J.S., Schowanek, D. and Feijtel, T.C. (1999) Environmental risk assessment for trisodium [S,S]-ethylene diamine disuccinate, a biodegradable chelator used in detergent applications, Chemosphere 38 (15), 3597-3625. 

A detailed discussion on surfactants from secondary alcohols which are relatively little known in the U.S. is included, together with a review of linear alcohol processes (Oxo and Ziegler) and detergent applications of the Ziegler alcohols. Also covered is a discussion of the revolutionary rhodium oxo process which has already resulted in a number of new plants—announced, under construction, or in operation, worldwide—for the manufacture of n-butanol and 2-ethylhexanol. Applications of these alcohols are also discussed. 

Automatic dishwashing detergent Application + - Stable to alkali, peroxides (air)... 

ENZYMATIC DIGESTION OF PVDF-BOUND PROTEINS IN THE PRESENCE OF GLUCOPYRANOSIDE DETERGENTS APPLICABILITY TO MASS SPECTROMETRY... 

The rationale for specific goals of this proposal is that the first step in new catalytic processes can be the availability of novel catalytic materials. Our initial focus has been to synthesize and characterize a variety of OMS and OL materials and scout out reactions that can be catalyzed by such systems. Catalytic oxidations with OMS and OL materials provide outstanding selectivity to terminal olefins and alcohols from alkanes. We have chosen to pursue these specific oxidations due to their importance in chemical synthesis and detergent applications,and to explore the fundamental reasons that such systems are highly active and selective. At the same time we have tried to limit our proposed synthetic efforts to a few new target OMS systems based on past experience. 

Typically, the amylases used in detergent are derived from bacterial sources. B. licheniformis amylase is particularly desirable for detergent applications as it is highly thermostable and maintains its activity even at high pH. The primary drawback of Bacillus-derived amylases as detergent enzymes is that their stability (and in many cases also their activity) relies on bound Ca. ions.f This is problematic in detergent formulations that must also contain detergent builders to limit water hardness. Oxidation of a methionine residue close to the active site of B. licheniformis amylase is another common stability problem. ... 

Numerous methods have been used to successfully identify new enzymes for detergent applications. Historically, the method of choice has been to screen for new enzymes from naturally occurring microbes. The most commonly used protease, subtilisin, was initially isolated in this manner. More recently, researchers have resorted to exploring extreme environments, such as hot springs, to more closely match... 

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