Flame test vertical

Flame Test Vertical Burn Test (NFPA-701) 60% Total Solids Add-on... 

THPC—Amide Process. The THPC—amide process is the first practical process based on THPC. It consists of a combination of THPC, TMM, and urea. In this process, there is the potential of polymer formation by THPC, melamine, and urea. There may also be some limited cross-linking between cellulose and the TMM system. The formulation also includes triethanolamine [102-71-6J, an acid scavenger, which slows polymerization at room temperature. Urea and triethanolamine react with the hydrochloric acid produced in the polymerization reaction, thus preventing acid damage to the fabric. This finish with suitable add-on passes the standard vertical flame test after repeated laundering (80). 

When exposed to fire. Teflon PEA contributes Httle in fuel value and is self-extinguishing when the flame is removed. The fuel value is approximately 5.4 MJ/kg (2324 Btu/lb). It passes the UL 83 vertical-flame test and is classified as 94VE-0 according to UL 94. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) by ASTM D2863 is above 95%. 

This study uses two of the most widely utilized and stringent tests NFPA-701, a vertical flame test and MVSS-302, a horizontal test. 

The Needle Flame Test is designed to simulate a small flame as might be encountered from a small electrical malfunction in an appliance or a piece of office equipment. The test apparatus consists of a hypodermic needle 35 mm in length with a bore of 0.5 mm and an outer diameter not exceeding 0.9 mm. The hypodermic needle has the tapered end cut off to avoid any interference with the flame. The gas used is butane. With the axis of the burner vertical,... 

Demonstrate that, if circuit integrity is tested during the vertical flame test, a current continues operating for at least 5 min during the test. 

UL 1581 Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords, Section 1080, VW-1 (Vertical Wire) Flame Test... 

CSA FT-4 Canadian Standards Association, C22.2 No. 0.3-01, Section 4.11.4, Vertical Flame Test-Cables in Cable Trays/FT4, CSA, Toronto, Canada, 2001. 

Many durable flame retardants for cotton have been developed to convey open-flame resistance [344,346,360,361]. The vertical flame test for determining the U.S. children s sleep-wear flammability (16 CFR 1615 and 1616) is a rather severe test and cotton fabrics require a FR treatment to pass the test. The test method requires treatments that are durable to 50 hot water wash and dry cycles. Currently there are relatively few commercially available FR chemistries that are durable under these conditions required today. Some of the reasons include low commercial availability of the chemicals, costs, safety concerns, process control issues, and difficulty in application. 

The flame-test apparatus used at the US BurMines Explosives Experiment Station at Bruceton, Pa consists essentially of a cannon in which an explosive is fired or detonated. The cannon, identical widi that employed for the ballistic pendulum,ia mounts vertically on a concrete foundation located ia a dark building. By means of a photographic camera equipped with auitable devicea to cot off all extraneous light rays, the flame ia continuously obaetved such that its apex is in the field of view. The flame is recorded on a sensitixed film wrapped about a drum that revolves at a predetermined rate of speed. The length of each flame is indicated by its hei t in the photograph, and the duration by the length of photograph... 

Polyester fabrics when burned exhibit a melt-drip behaviour. Since the fabric melts away from the flame, some polyester fabric constructions can actually pass vertical flame tests without any flame-retardant treatment. The waiving of melt-drip specifications for children s sleepwear has allowed untreated polyester garments to be sold into that market. 

At the state level, California has been the leader in handling the fire problem. This state requires all flexible urethane foams used in furniture to be flame retardant (i.e., to pass a vertical open flame test and smolder resistant screening as set forth in the test requirement of the California Bureau of... 

Cal. 117 (Vertical Open Flame Test) (Radiant Panel Test) ... 

ISO 1210, 1992 [19], Fig, 5. determines the behavior of vertical and horizontal specimens when exposed to a small flame. The vertical burning test classifies materials as FVO, FVl, or FV2. A small flame is applied to the base of the vertical specimen for a specified... 

It should be noted that the small flame vertical and horizontal burn tests (usually referred to in its L L 94 format), together with the oxygen index lest, are probably the most widely used small flame tests for plastics materials. They are also used with rubber materials. 

ASTM E906 [99] defines the OSU calorimeter. The apparatus consists of an insulated box containing a vertical specimen, a parallel electric radiant heater, and a pilot ignition device. Air at a controlled rate flows through the box, and the inlet and outlet temperatures arc recorded. ASTM E906 also records the temperature of the box wall to compensate for the nonadiabatic characteristics of the apparatus. The box is calibrated using a preset gas flame. The vertical specimen size is 150 mm square, and the incident heat flux has a maximum value of 100 kW, m. Tests with a horizontal specimen, 110 x 150mm, which involve the use of aluminum foil to reflect heat onto the specimen, are apparently... 

Surface spread of flame on building materials is tested according to ISO DP 5658-1977. A specimen board measuring 800 mm x 155 mm with a maximum thickness of 40 mm is ignited by the simultaneous application of a radiating surface and an 80 mm long propane flame. The vertically positioned radiating surface. 

The specimen (a complete unit, its sub-assembly or component) and the test conditions (the material in the normal environment or underlaid with a pinewood board covered by tissue paper) are identical to the former standard. The igniting source is a 35 mm long burner tube with a bore of 0.5 0.1 mm and an outer diameter not exceeding 0.9mm(e.g. a hypodermic needle with the tapered end cut off). In the vertical position of the burner, the length of the flame is adjusted to 12 1 mm. The test flame is applied at 45 deg. to the specimen, in most unfavourable position of normal use (Fig. 3.119) preferably for 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, or 120 s. The exact site and duration of ignition may be given by the relevant specification of a particular product. Unless otherwise specified, the specimen is considered to have withstood the needle-flame test if one of the following four situations applies ... 

The UE 94 standard encompasses six different flame tests. Depending on the test, specimens are placed either vertically or horizontally. 

ISO 5658-2, Reaction to Fire Tests - Spread of Flame Test - Part 2 Lateral Spread on Building and Transport Products in Vertical Configuration, 2011. 

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