Heat-treated fabric

Composite System As-Fabricated Heat-Treated As-Fabricated Heat-Treated... 

Percentage of water imbibition is an important property in ease-of-care and quick-drying fabrics. This value is determined by measuring the moisture remaining in a fiber in equiUbrium with air at 100% rh while the fiber is being centrifuged at forces up to 1000 g. The average recorded value for acetate is 24% triacetate not heat-treated, 16% and heat-treated triacetate, 10%. 

Acetate and triacetate are essentially unaffected by dilute solutions of weak acids, but strong mineral acids cause serious degradation. The results of exposure of heat-treated and untreated triacetate taffeta fabrics to various chemical reagents have been reported (9). Acetate and triacetate fibers are not affected by the perchloroethylene dry-cleaning solutions normally used in the United States and Canada. Trichloroethylene, employed to a limited extent in the UK and Europe, softens triacetate. 

Copper Sulfide—Cadmium Sulfide. This thin-film solar cell was used in early aerospace experiments dating back to 1955. The Cu S band gap is ca 1.2 eV. Various methods of fabricating thin-film solar cells from Cu S/CdS materials exist. The most common method is based on a simple process of serially overcoating a metal substrate, eg, copper (16). The substrate first is coated with zinc which serves as an ohmic contact between the copper and a 30-p.m thick, vapor-deposited layer of polycrystaUine CdS. A layer is then formed on the CdS base by dipping the unit into hot cuprous chloride, followed by heat-treating it in air. A heterojunction then exists between the CdS and Cu S layers. 

The 3M Company manufactures a continuous polycrystalline alurnina—sihca—boria fiber (Nextel) by a sol process (17). Aluminum acetate is dissolved in water and mixed with an aqueous dispersion of colloidal sihca and dimethylform amide. This mixture is concentrated in a Rotavapor flask and centrifuged. The viscous mixture is then extmded through spinnerettes at 100 kPa (1 atm) the filaments are collected on a conveyor and heat-treated at 870°C to convert them to metallic oxides. Further heating at 1000°C produces the 10-p.m diameter aluminum borosihcate fibers, which are suitable for fabrication into textiles for use at temperatures up to 1427°C. 

Modified starches may be acid-modified, oxidized, or heat-treated. Acid-modified (thin-boiling) starches are used mainly in textiles as warp sizes and fabric finishes. Here they increase yam strength and abrasion resistance and improve weaving efficiency. Tbin-boiHng starches also have selected appHcations in paper and laundry starch preparations. 

Austenitic stainless steel 3(3. If (1) the carbon content by analysis is greater than 0.10 percent or (2) the material is not in the solution-heat-treated conchtion, then impact testing is required for design temperatures below-29 C (-20 F). See Note 2. ib. When materials are fabricated or assembled by wel(hng, the deposited weld metal shall be impact-tested for design temperature below —29 C (—20 F) unless cou(htious conform to Note 2. 3. The material shall be impact-tested. See Note 2. 

Subsection B This subsection contains rules pertaining to the methods of fabrication of pressure vessels. Part UW is applicable to welded vessels. Service restric tions are defined. Lethal service is for lethal substances, which are defined as poisonous gases or liquids of such a nature that a very small amount of the gas or the vapor of the liquid mixed or unmixed with air is dangerous to life when inhaled. It is stated that it is the user s responsibility to advise the designer or manufacturer if the service is lethal. All vessels in lethal service shall have all butt-welded joints fully radiographed, and when practical, joints shall be butt-welded. All vessels fabricated of carbon or low-aUoy steel shall be postweld-heat-treated. 

Incorrect information can result if the probe is made of the wrong material and is not heat treated in the same way as the process equipment (as well as because of other problems). The probe must be as close as possible to the material from which the equipment of interest is made. Existence of a critical condition, such as weldments or galvanic couples or occluded cells in the eqmpment of concern, makes the fabrication, placement, and maintenance of the probes and monitoring system or critical importance, if accurate and useful data are to be obtained. 

Fabricated casings shall be post-weld heat treated. Repairs greater than 10 in. in size shall be post-weld heat treated. All post-weld heat treatment shall be performed in accordance with ASME BPV Code. 

Fabric filters can be more costly to operate and maintain than electrostatic precipitators, cyclones, and scrubbers however, fabric filters are more practicable for filtration of specific dusts. For example fabric systems are the typical control method for toxic dusts from insecticide manufacturing processes, salt fumes from heat treating, metallic fumes from metallurgical processes, and other applications. Any other control method may not be as efficient, nor economically feasible for such applications. 

Alloys or tempers chosen should be free of susceptibility to corrosion and should meet strength and fabrication requirements. Often a weaker alloy must be selected than one that cannot be reliably heat treated and whose resistance to a particular corrosion is low. 

Equipment fabricated from such a steel may undergo corrosion by condensation of even mild corrosives unless it is possible to keep it above the dew-point or to neutralize acidic condensates. This kind of corrosion can be prevented by a preliminary heat-treating at temperatures of 815-915°C. The niobium-stabilized steels respond best to this treatment. 

Materials of fabrication again vary with the nature of the gas being compressed but are usually low alloy steel, such as AISI4140 or 4340, heat treated at 1,100°F to Rockwell hardness 26 to 30, AISI Type 410 stainless steel, precipitationhardening stainless such as Armco 17-4PH or 15-5 PH, Type... 

Test Characteristics Column A Materials Tested by the Manufacturer [Note (1)] or Those in Table GR-2.1.2(b)(2) Requiring Impact Tests Only on Welds Column B Materials Not Tested by the Manufacturer or Those Tested But Heat Treated During or After Fabrication... 

GR-6.2.2.5 Construction Plan. The processes of construction shall include procedures for fabrication, assembly, handling, storage and preservation, forming, and erection, in addition to the special processes of welding, brazing, heat treating, and postweld heat treating. 

F as fabricated O annealed H10 and Fill slightly strain hardened H23, F124 and H26 strain hardened and partially annealed T4 solution heat treated T5 artificially aged only T6 solution heat treated and artificially aged T8 solution heat treated, cold worked and artificially aged. 

Fabricated casings shall be postweld heat treated in accordance with the requirements of Section VIII, Division 1 of the ASME Code. Where dimensional stability of such a casing component must be assured for the integrity of pump operation, then postweld heat treat shall be performed regardless of thickness. 

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