Fabric canvas

Products and Uses Used as a fire retardant for fabrics, canvas products, tents, camping equipment, and firefighter apparel. 

Chem. Descrip. Emulsion PVC homopolymer CAS 9002-86-2 EINECS/ELINCS 208-750-2 Uses PVC for compact paste processing for coated fabrics, canvas coating, unsupported layers/films, dipping/casting, spray coating (e.g underbody coatings for automobiles)... 

Traditional uses for ramie have been for heavy industrial-type fabrics such as canvas, packaging material, and upholstery. Increased production of the fiber in Asia, particularly China, has promoted the use in blended fabrics with silk, linen, and cotton which can now be found on the market. 

Technological History (26,54—61). As a first approach, there are three groups of components supports, paint media, and pigments. The support is the substrate upon which the paint layers are laid down. This can be a specially prepared area on a wall for a wall painting, a wooden panel as in a panel painting, or a fabric in canvas paintings. Paper is a prevalent support in Oriental painting. Other supports are encountered less frequently, eg, metal panels such as copper sheet. 

The earliest remaining example of painting on a fabric support is from the twelfth dynasty in Egypt. In Europe, although the technique was known, these supports were not frequently used until the Renaissance, when the increasing size of paintings resulted in a tremendous rise in the popularity of canvas supports, a popularity which has lasted until the present. The fabric used almost exclusively by western painters was linen in the Orient silk (qv)... 

Other reinforcements that may be used in the substrate layers of decorative laminates and throughout the stmcture of industrial laminates are woven fabrics of glass or canvas and nonwoven fabrics of various polymeric monofilaments such as polyester, nylon, or carbon fibers. Woven and nonwoven fabrics tend to be much stronger than paper and have much more uniform strength throughout the x—y plane. They greatly enhance properties of laminates such as impact and tear strength. 

Seventy years ago, nearly all resources for the production of commodities and many technical products were materials derived from natural textiles. Textiles, ropes, canvas, and paper were made of local natural fibers, such as flax and hemp. Some of them are still used today. In 1908, the first composite materials were applied for the fabrication of big quantities of sheets, tubes, and pipes in electrotechnical usage (paper or cotton as reinforcement in sheets made of phenol- or melamine-formaldehyde resins). In 1896, for example, airplane seats and fuel tanks were made of natural fibers with a small content of polymeric binders [1]. 

Canvas and other fabrics and films are used to realize structures. According to the usage, the materials are standard, such as PVC-coated fabrics, or sophisticated, such as PTFE-coated glass fabrics... 

The artist once explained to an interviewer, Katherine Kuh, that the idea of letting a piece of thread fall on a canvas was accidental, but from this accident there came a carefully planned work. Most important was the acceptance and recognition of this accidental stimulation. Many of my highly organized works were initially suggested by just such chance encounters. " For him, particularly his fabrication of Three Standard Stoppages, was really when 1 tapped the mainspring of my future. In itself, it was not an important work of art, but for me it opened the way—the way to escape from those... 

A wide variety of filters are available for the cell recovery. There are generally two major types of filters pressure and vacuum filters. The detailed descriptions of those filter units can be found in Chemical Engineers Handbook (Perry and Chilton, 1973). The two types of filters most used for cell recovery are the filter press and rotary drum filters. A filter press is often employed for the small-scale separation of bacteria and fungi from broths. For large-scale filtration, rotary drum filters are usually used. A common filter medium is the cloth filter made of canvas, wool, synthetic fabrics, metal, or glass fiber. 

As we discussed earlier for the solid-liquid separation technique, filtration separates particles by forcing the fluid through a filtering medium on which solids are deposited. The conventional filtration involves the separation of large particles (dp > 10 pm) by using canvas, synthetic fabrics, or glass fiber as filter medium. 

Gesso is also used when preparing a canvas for oil or acrylic painting. Canvas stretched on a frame is the support. The gesso ground is applied with a brush to the support, a procedure called priming. The gesso acts to seal the canvas fabric so that the paint applied will not soak into the canvas. 

After the American Revolution, American settlers continued to grow hemp of excellent quality in the land now known as Kentucky. Hemp fiber continued to be a cash crop, the source of rope that rigged many of the world s sailing ships, and the rugged fabric that covered settlers wagons as they made their way westward. Canvas, another hemp product, was widely used for sails in the shipping industry. A remarkably durable cloth, it is one of the few that seawater does not rot or mildew. (The word canvas is rooted in cannabis. )... 

Cotton has been successfully combined with other materials to create fabrics for specific purposes. Table 4.4 lists some of these fabrics. Cotton fabric has also been given various names depending on the coarseness or fineness of the weave, and its intended use. These include calico, canvas, batiste, cheesecloth, muslin, organdy, cotton gabardine, gingham, lawn, voile, ter-rycloth, and cotton flannel. 

Cotton fabrics were often used as the basis for needlepoint, embroidery, and other stitched arts. Cotton canvas has been used for paintings. 

Like cotton, there are many different linen fabrics made from the basic flax fiber. Most of these are defined only by the type of weave and the fineness of the fiber, such as cambric and damask. The word linen is usually applied only to unbleached plain weave material. Some names are applied to similar fabrics made of cotton and linen. An example of this is canvas, a plainly woven fabric of varying weight made from hard-twisted yam. Canvas may be made from hemp, cotton, jute, or flax (linen). Most fine fabrics, particularly of European or American manufacture, are made from flax. Since its invention in the 1600s, most lace has also been made of flax thread. 

Related Calculations. This procedure is valid for conveyors using rubber belts reinforced with cotton duck, open-mesh fabric, cords, or steel wires. It is also valid for stitched-canvas belts, balata belts, and flat-steel belts. The required horsepower input includes any power absorbed by idler pulleys. 

Fabric coveralls are designed to be cleaned after each day s use and reused. However, absorbent materials such as cotton, polyester, cotton blends, denim, and canvas cannot be cleaned adequately after they are drenched or thoroughly contaminated with concentrated pesticides labeled with the signal word "DANGER" or "WARNING". Always discard any such clothing or footwear. They cannot be safely reused. 

Filtration. The process hy which suspended sohd particles are removed from hquid is called filtration. The hquid containing suspended sohd particles is passed through a porous medium. A clear hquid is obtained. The porous medium may be a fabric, a canvas, a paper, a screen, or a bed of sand. For small particles a filter with very small pores is used but for larger particles sand may be used. The liquid flow may be passed through the filter under the influence of gravity, positive pressure, or vacuum. The use of medium depends upon the size of the sohd particle. 

Cotton and Linen Cloth, etc.— The two most important sources of cellulose for the manufacture of thread and cloth and similar articles are the holl of the cotton plant and the stalk of the flax plant. The former is the source of all goods known as cotton while the materials made from the latter are termed linen. Another important fibre plant is hemp, the leaves or stalk of which yields fibres which are principally used in making twine, rope and canvas. Several varieties of hemp are used such as manila hemp, sisal, etc. The stalk of ihtjute plant is the source of materials out of which sacking or burlap and carpets are made.. In the manufacture of these products the fibre of the plant is mechanically separated and then spun into thread or twisted into yarn or rope. The thread or yarn are then woven into fabrics. The products possess properties characteristic of the particular fibre used. As in the manufacture of all of these important materials the cellulose undergoes no chemical change but is simply mechanically treated no further details of the processes will be given. 

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