Technological history

Technological History (26,54—61). As a first approach, there are three groups of components supports, paint media, and pigments. The support is the substrate upon which the paint layers are laid down. This can be a specially prepared area on a wall for a wall painting, a wooden panel as in a panel painting, or a fabric in canvas paintings. Paper is a prevalent support in Oriental painting. Other supports are encountered less frequently, eg, metal panels such as copper sheet. 

Technological History. In the history of technology, the developments of metallurgy probably provide the most compHcated and important chapter. Although new archaeological evidence continually necessitates changes in accepted hypotheses regarding the developments in the use of metals in... 

Technological History. Archaeologists often divide the neolithic period, the latter part of what used to be called the Stone Age, into pre- and post ceramic, with reference to when ceramics came into production (88—92). Actually, there are occasions of pre-ceramic pyrotechnology, such as in the case of the fifth millenium BC mideastem plaster production (93). So far the eadiest occurrence of ceramics is in the 28th millenium BC in Eastern Europe, although here the technique was not used for the production of vessels but of figurines (94). 

Oddy, W. A. (1991), Gilding An outline of the technological history of the plating of gold on to silver or copper in the Old World, Endeavour 15, 29-33. 

Anions travel toward the anode to balance the charges of the Zn2+ ions formed by the oxidation of the zinc electrode. Cations travel toward the cathode, to replace the charges of the Cu2+ ions that have been deposited as copper metal. Ions move between the two compartments (through the porous cup) to prevent the buildup of electrical charge inside the cell compartments and to complete the electrical circuit. Daniell s and his contemporaries inspiration to separate the half-reactions physically changed the course of technological history by making available portable sources of electricity. 

H. Mark, "Coming to an age of polymers in science and technology, History of Polymer Science and Technology, ed. by R. B. Seymour (New York and Basel Marcel Dekker, 1982), 1-9, on 5. 

Name of Test Subjects Tested Month Given Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) English Language Arts, Mathematics, Science and Technology, History and Social Science March, April... 

Achflladdis, B., A study in technological history, Part U The development of the BASF caprolactam process", Chemistry and Industry (50) 1584-1588 (1970). 

Chapter 5 discusses the reasons and techniques for identifying plastics in collections. In addition to establishing the age and technological history of a plastic, identification indicates the factors and pathways by which degradation is likely to occur and thus helps the conservator to develop a treatment strategy. Simple tests enable identification of the polymer type while instrumental techniques are necessary if the various components are to be characterized. This chapter describes simple and non-destructive tests, simple and destructive tests, chemical spot tests and instrumental analytical techniques which are applied to plastics in collections today. 

Anisimov, M. (2011) in Aerosol Science and Technology History and Reviews (ed. D.S. Ensor), RTI Press, Research Triangle Park, NC, pp. 457-473. 

The author would like to thank Ashgate Publishers for granting permission to reproduce parts of this chapter from the authors work Explosives from Oil The Transformation of Royal Dutch/Shell during World War I from Oil to Petrochemical Company (pp. 385 07), in Brenda J. Buchanan (ed.). Gunpowder, Explosives and the State A Technological History... 

Basting, D. and Stamm, U. (2001) The development of excimer laser technology - history and future prospects, Z. Phys. Chem. -Int. /. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 215, 1575-1599. 

Pursuit of these themes may well lead to a different relationship between the chemical industry and its archivists on the one hand and the industry s historians on the other. Focusing on competitiveness, internationalization, science-based industry, and so on can lead to some conflicts between scholars and industry, depending on how those topics are pursued, but direct conflict can often be avoided, and in fact the industry might enthusiastically support such research. As most of us can attest, it generally has. Environmental history and social history of the chemical industry may well be met with far less enthusiasm. Environmental history is likely to cause extreme embarrassment to the industry the social history of the industry may seem of less relevance to the interests of the firm than economic and technological history. Both will require imaginative development of new source materials, either because company archives are unwilling to provide them, or because they are unable to do so. 

At the same time, happily, fewer and fewer self-identified historians of technology are using deterministic models of technological history. Multi-causeil and value-laden explanations now prevail in articles found in the journal Technology and Culture. 

According to tbe U.S. Department of Labor, polymer scientists, in the first decade of the twenty-first century, were the most extensively employed chemists, surpassing by four times tbeir nearest competitors, chemists in the pharmaceutical industry. In terms of U.S. chemical exports, plastics and resins have been on a par with organic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Because of the dramatic and increasing use of polymers in industries, some have called this period in technological history the age of the macromolecule. Most important advances in chemistry and allied fields have involved synthetic polymers, a contemporary example being carbon nanotubes. 

Davis, Chandler (1980) Where did twentieth-century mathematics go wrong Paper presented at the joint annual meetings of Society for the History of Technology, History of Science Society, Philosophy of Science Association, and Society for the Social Study of Science, Toronto. 

T15-T40 Technology History. It includes general works, ancient, medieval, modern, nineteenth—twentieth centuries, special counties. United States, Canada, Latin America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Pacific islands, arctic regions, losf arts, historical atlases, industrial archaeology, and biographies. 

IHA s history can be found at the Aarhus University website at this location http //scitech.au.dk/en/ about-science-and-technology/history/engjneering-college-of-aarhus-iha/ (Accessed 6/23/2014). 

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