Extraction with high pressure

Liu X, Gao Y, Peng X, Yang B, Xu H, Zhao J. 2008. Inactivation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in red beet Beta vulgaris L.) extract with high pressure carbon dioxide. Innov Food Sci Emerg Tech 9, 24-31. 

The introduction and eventual commercialization of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray (ESI) allowed biomarker status to be extended to proteins in 1996.15"17 With a few exceptions, ESI has been used in conjunction with extractions and high-pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC) interfaced with mass spectrometry. MALDI, on the other hand, has been widely adapted for rapid analysis of intact organisms, supported by bioinformatics.1819... 

Tarui, H., Murata, M., Tani, I. et al. (2001) Establishment and characterization of cell-free translation/ glycosylation in insect cell (Spodopterafrugiperda 21) extract prepared with high pressure treatment. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 55 (4), 446 453. 

Since the densities of these fluids change dramatically with very small changes in temperature or applied pressure, any density-dependent property such as the solubility of a heavy organic solute for example, may be manipulated, as Friedrich et al.<41> have pointed out, over wide ranges. This feature can be utilised in simple separation schemes in which a compound is extracted at high pressure where its solubility is high and then a reduction of the pressure causes the solute to come out of solution with the supercritical fluid being recycled by repressurisation. 

Extraction of solids with high-pressure fluid in mixed-flow... 

DTPA Elimination - Before separation of Am and Cm with high-pressure ion-exchange, Am and Cm solutions containing DTPA from extraction chromatography separation need to be... 

Processes for the extraction of spray particles involving pressure nozzles and fluid assist spraying devices as well as different directions of mass transfer have been introduced. In a special high pressure apparatus, liquid solvents and dispersions with C02 can be extracted under high pressure. Relevant properties for the formation of drops are the viscosity of the liquid phase as well as the interfacial tension between the drop phase and the fluid phase. Results for oily and aqueous systems show a drop size distribution that is very suitable for the mass transfer. 

Novel sample preparation techniques include ultrasonic extractions that use high frequency acoustic waves to heat and break up samples (9), as well as microwave-assisted extractions (MAE) that use long wavelength radiation for faster and less energy intensive extractions of thermally sensitive analytes (JO-13). Other innovations treat samples with high pressure and high temperature solvents in the liquid or in the supercritical state. These adaptations reduce the overall solvent use and speed the extractions. These methods include accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (14) and supercritical fluid extraction (SEE) (8). 

Samples from aquatic environments (sediments, fish), containing appreciably high amounts of fatty material can efficiently be prepared by Steam-Distillation-Extraction (SDE). In particular, pesticides and herbicides which have appreciably greater vapour pressure than those of water soluble chemicals can be extracted with high recovery yields using different SDE units [39-43]. ... 

Caustic extraction of chlorinated organics after CIO2 treatment. Reinforced with high-pressure oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in a 6—8 min, 20—25 psi upflow preretention tube... 

USE Has been used as textile dye. Flavine yellow shade Is prepared by extracting quercitron bark with high pressure steam and consists mainly of quercitrin Tisdale, Con. Textile J, 57, 44 (1941). 

Regarding triazines, methanol modified CO2 enabled the extraction of atrazine, deethyla-trazine, and deisopropylatrazine from spiked sediment samples, while methanol containing 2% (v/v) water was efficient for atrazine and 2-hydroxyatrazine in a spiked soil (4% organic matter). However, more stringent conditions were required for bound residues. For example, 30% methanol was needed to efficiently extract bound atrazine from a mineral soil, along with high pressure (350 bar) and temperature (125°C). ... 

Several compounds have been investigated for SF extractions. However, when efficiency, cost, and safety issues are considered, the sole viable option is often concluded to be carbon dioxide. Because the critical point temperature (Tc) and critical point pressure (Pc) values for carbon dioxide are 31°C and 73 atm, respectively, a dedicated extraction instrument with high-pressure pumps and control valves is required for SF extractions. The benefit of SF procedures is the liberation of the extractions from... 

With high pressure extraction, (HPE) [6.82-6.86] highly compressed gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, ethylene, propane, etc., (Table 6-14) are mainly used as solvents in a supercritical state. High-boiling substances are also dissolved ... 

---