Exotic explosives

Purchase Price Typical purchase prices, including drive motors, of tubular and disk sedimenting centrifuges are given in Table 18-16. The price will vary upward with the use of more exotic materials of construc tion, the need for explosion-proof elec trical gear, the type of enclosure required for vapor containment, and the degree of portability, and this holds for all types of centrifuges. 

Modem methods for the manuf and storage of expl materials, which include many exotic chemicals, fuels, and propints, allow less space for a given quantity of expl material than previously permitted. Such concns of expls increase the possibility of the propagation of accidental explosions (one accidental explosion causing the detonation of other expl materials). It was evident that a requirement for more accurate design techniques had become essential. Ref 3 describes a rational design method to provide the required structural protection. It presents methods of design for protective construction... 

Although over a quarter of a century ago it would not have been predicted that the importance of the VIA family of the periodic table would exceed that of its second element, sulphur, the development of organoselenium chemistry has been so explosive that little comment is necessary, as illustrated by the impressive number of papers as well as by several books on the field. Tellurium compounds have taken an even longer time to rise from being considered an exotic and perverse element to a useful tool in organic chemistry. 

While even relatively simple techniques can dramatically improve contrast ( ), perhaps it is the exotic new methods, such as those for producing "live" stereoscopic images at near-micron resolution (49.501. or the Allen Video Enhanced Contrast system (44.451. which typify the explosive growth in the zuicient science of visible microscopy. Although the focus has been on biosystems, there is no reason why these technologies cannot be... 

Although stainless steel (SS) remains the most used cladding material, exotic materials such as titanium, zirconium or tantalum are finding increasing applications. Apart from plate-to-plate and tube-to-tube-plate, there are many other applications for explosive welding which are listed below. 

Even after several decades of research [BUR57] into the mechanisms by which the elements are synthesized in stars, it is still often true that the degree to which an astrophysical environment can be understood is limited by the degree to which the underlying microscopic input nuclear physics data have been measured and understood. As new and more exotic high-temperature astronomical environments have been discovered and modeled (and as observations and models for more familiar objects have been refined) the needs for more and better data for nuclei away from stability have increased. In this brief overview, we discuss a few of the explosive astrophysical environments which are currently of interest and some of their required input nuclear data. 

Pretreating wet DG with S02 (experiment 2) resulted in higher solubilization of residual carbohydrates than uncatalyzed steam explosion (experiment 1), however, higher yields and conversions are possible if homogeneous absorption of the acid gas can be accomplished. Careful examination of the S02-pretreated residue indicated nonhomogeneous pretreatment because the S02 appears to have been absorbed only at the surface of the particles and did not penetrate far into the interior. However, less expensive pretreatment reactors are possible if S02 is used as the catalyst, as opposed to dilute-acid pretreatment, because exotic alloys may not be needed. 

Perhaps the most exotic imidoyl azide, containing the imido function as part of a heteroaromatic system, is b-azidotetrazole, HGN7, the potassium and sodium salts of which are obtained when 1,3-diamino-guanidine (imidocarbazide) is treated with alkali nitrites in acetic acid ". The alkali salts, Na+ and K CN7, are extremely explosive, the free azide less so. It shows the i.r. absorption of the azide group at 2151 cm ... 

This system was used to measure the spectrum of HCCCN, a highly reactive (sometimes explosive) gas that is not commercially available. Hence, it has to be synthesized by an exotic production method. HCCCN was made from a... 

Over the past quarter century, the science and technology of mass spectrometry has grown explosively. In the last two sections of this chapter we refer briefly to two rather exotic but very important developments in this burgeoning field. 

The atomic theory of matter, which was conjectured on qualitative empirical grounds as early as the sixth century BC, was shown to be consistent with increasing experimental and theoretical developments since the seventeenth century AD, and definitely proven by the quantitative explanation of the Brownian motion by Einstein and Perrin early in the twentieth century [1], It then took no more than a century between the first measurements of the electron properties in 1896 and of the proton properties in 1919 and the explosion of the number of so-called elementary particles - and their antiparticles - observed in modern accelerators to several hundred (most of which are very short lived and some, not even isolated). Today, the standard model assumes all particles to be built from three groups of four basic fermions - some endowed with exotic characteristics - interacting through four basic forces mediated by bosons - usually with zero charge and mass and with integer spin [2],... 

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