Evaluation, automatic

West, K.A. and Crabb, J.W 1990 Performance evaluation automatic hydrolysis and PTC amino acid analysis. In Vallafraca, J.J., ed.. Current Research in Protein Chemistry Techniques, Structure, and Function. San Diego, Academic Press 37-48. 

An advanced cracking evaluation-automatic production (ACE Model AP) fluidized bed microactivity unit was used to study the catalyst and feed interactions. The fluidized bed reactor was operated at 980°F (800 K). Every feed was tested on two different catalysts at three cat-to-oil ratios 4, 6, and 8. Properties of laboratory... 

The monitoring system based on the potentiometric titration of resin-bound unreacted amino groups 29,30) has helped the development of much advanced fully automated peptide synthesizers 37,38). This computarized system evaluates automatically the synthetic data and decides whether to proceed to the next step, to repeat the last step, or to stop the synthesis. Very recently Edelstein et al.391 designed and im-... 

In the combinatorial chemistry of the MCRs, recent progress has been achieved in two ways. At Hoffmann-La Roche, Weber et al. were able to prepare and analyze all products formed by automated combinatorial chemistry of seven different reactive educts. All possible mixtures of seven, six, five, etc. components were reacted and subsequently evaluated automatically by a HPLC-MS protocol. By adstraction of the starting materials signals [137], several new MCRs could be found in the complex reaction mixtures. Previously in 1961, and again in 1971, it was shown that M4 new constitutionally different products can be formed by the U-4CR, if M different educts of each class of their educts are formed [8]. 

A clever choice of basis set causes the matrix representation of H to consist mostly of zeroes, the Hij matrix elements of H that are exactly zero to be obvious by inspection, and enables many of the nonzero to be evaluated automatically using formulas or tables rather than numerical integration. It is... 

This kind of experimental evaluation automatically yields very reliable estimates on the thermokinetic parameter E/R, because, simply said, the value obtained describes quite differing individual experiments with equal quality. Quite consciously the input value for the simulation has not been mentioned thus far. 

Figure 1 EPR spectrum of an irradiated chicken bone recorded with the e-scan Food Analyzer. The spectrum of the sample ( axially symmetric line shape at the center of the field sweep) is measured in parallel with the spectrum of the reference marker (isotropic signal line shape to higher field at the right) with a known g value (1.980). The horizontal axis gives the Bo field values in Gauss. The two g-values are evaluated automatically.

For the professional analysis of anisotropic 2D scattering patterns of polymer materials, there are no user-friendly standard computer programs because materials scientists do not carry out standard experiments e.g., protein crystallographers). Therefore some program modules must be adapted to the actual experiment every time in order to reflect the actual setup and the actual mode of operation. Such adaption requires computer programming skills. After adaption and the proper combination of modules, the data can be evaluated automatically. The other option is slow frame-by-frame manual evaluation that is prone to inconsistency or incompleteness. 

The PMF data thus obtained are evaluated automatically using search algorithms that compare measured data with theoretically estimated data from protein and DNA databases. The data evaluation is performed using different search programs, which are freely accessible on the Internet, such as Profound (prowl.rockefeUer.edu/profoimd bin/WebProFoimd.exe) [21],... 

An even more accurate measurement can be obtained by measuring all the possible combinations of adjacent contacts (four combinations), by changing also the polarity of the contacts. As in each case two ofthe obtained eight resistances should be equal, this gives important data on the consistency and quality ofthe measurements. The two resistances Ra and Rb are then calculated as an average of the respective resistances of the opposing pairs of contacts, as Ra = (R-21,34 + Ri2,43 + R43,t2 + R34,2i)/4 and Rr = R32A1 + - 23,14 + Ri4,32 + R41,23)74, respectively. In most commercial systems, this complex measurement procedure is controlled and evaluated automatically. 

Within the framework of the ANDES (Automatic Non-Destructive Evaluation System) at TNO Institute of Applied Physics two prototype applications have been developed for automated NDT data interpretation - both using the CBR methodology. 

In service inspections of French nuclear Pressure Water Reactor (PWR) vessels are carried out automatically in complete immersion from the inside by means of ultrasonic focused probes working in the pulse echo mode. Concern has been expressed about the capabilities of performing non destructive evaluation of the Outer Surface Defects (OSD), i.e. defects located in the vicinity of the outer surface of the inspected components. OSD are insonified by both a "direct" field that passes through the inner surface (water/steel) of the component containing the defect and a "secondary" field reflected from the outer surface. Consequently, the Bscan images, containing the signatures of such defects, are complicated and their interpretation is a difficult task. 

To realize an automatic evaluation system, it would be desirable to also suppress geometrically caused signals as well, so that only the actual defect signals are obtained. Several approaches have already been made which are also to be implemented as part of a SQUID research project (SQUID = Super Conducting Quantum Interference Device). 

It is particularly in the serial inspection of castings, that radioscopy constitutes state-of-the-art when applied in conjunction with systems for image intensification, digital image processing and automatic image evaluation. For the examination of welds, however, standardization is still non-existent, thus rendering more difficult the application of this inspection technique.As a consequence the approval procedures of the respective supervisory or certification boards are often complicated and of necessity set up for each individual case. 

With the reference block method the distance law of a model reflector is established experimentally prior to each ultrasonic test. The reference reflectors, mostly bore holes, are drilled into the reference block at different distances, e.g. ASME block. Prior to the test, the reference reflectors are scanned, and their maximised echo amplitudes are marked on the screen of the flaw detector. Finally all amplitude points are connected by a curve. This Distance Amplitude Curve (DAC) serves as the registration level and exactly shows the amplitude-over-distance behaviour" of the reference reflector for the probe in use. Also the individual characteristics of the material are automatically considered. However, this curve may only be applied for defect evaluation, in case the reference block and the test object are made of the same material and have undergone the same heat treatment. As with the DGS-Method, the value of any defect evaluation does not consider the shape and orientation of the defect. The reference block method is safe and easy to apply, and the operator need not to have a deep understanding about the theory of distance laws. 

Now, also the coordinates of DGS curves are described also as group of points P (A, sJ. In both cases, the curve represents the registration level for defect evaluation, and, as far as the required evaluation result is concerned, any required value may be automatically calculated by the system and displayed digitally on the screen. Fig. 3. 

Even now the operator should be able to change the instrument sensitivity, e.g. to evaluate an echo which exceeds the upper limit of the screen, or which is too small, or simply to follow the mles of the test specification requiring a so-called search sensitivity. Even after changing the gain, any echo evaluation will be correct, since the registration curve will be adjusted automatically to always maintain the correct relationship between the defect echo and the registration curve. 

Other methods consist of algorithms based on multivariate classification techniques or neural networks they are constructed for automatic recognition of structural properties from spectral data, or for simulation of spectra from structural properties [83]. Multivariate data analysis for spectrum interpretation is based on the characterization of spectra by a set of spectral features. A spectrum can be considered as a point in a multidimensional space with the coordinates defined by spectral features. Exploratory data analysis and cluster analysis are used to investigate the multidimensional space and to evaluate rules to distinguish structure classes. 

Mass and energy balances are used to evaluate blast furnace performance. Many companies now use sophisticated computeri2ed data acquisition and analysis systems to automatically gather the required data for daily calculation of the mass and heat balances. Typical mass and heat balances are shown in Figure 4 and Table 5, respectively. 

With this definition,/= 16/ReMR is automatically satisfied at the value of 8V/D where K and n are evaluated. Equation (6-66) may be obtained by integration of Eq. (6-64) only when n is a constant, as, for... 

Sample Transport Transport time, the time elapsed between sample withdrawal from the process and its introduction into the analyzer, shoiild be minimized, particiilarly if the analyzer is an automatic analyzer-controller. Any sample-transport time in the analyzer-controller loop must be treated as equivalent to process dead time in determining conventional feedback controller settings or in evaluating controller performance. Reduction in transport time usually means transporting the sample in the vapor state. 

MAS Saqi, PA Bates, MJE Sternberg. Towards an automatic method of predicting protein structure by homology An evaluation of suboptimal sequence alignments. Protein Eng 5 305-311, 1992. 

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