Europe Mediterranean

USA (Great Lakes) Central Europe Mediterranean Sea (Germany) ... 

L.A. Linden, Proceed. RadTech Europe Mediterranean Conference, RadTech Europe, Eribourg, Switzerland (1993),... 

Furthermore, the modernization of agricultural techniques and the growth of plantation areas result in better economical factors for the production of essential oil-bearing plants, creating workplaces in developing countries of Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America as well as further development of modern farms in the United States and Europe (Mediterranean area, Balkans). Despite some regulatory restrictions (EU, REACH, FDA, etc.), essential oils are and will have an... 

Dioecious evergreen shrub or small tree, up to about 6 m high native to mountainous regions of Chile and naturalized in Europe (Mediterranean region). Parts used are the dried leaves. 

The 15W40 or 15W50 oils are the most widespread in temperate climates (Western Europe), while the 20W40 or 20W50 oils are used in relatively warm climates (Mediterranean countries. Middle East, South America). The 5W or lOW grades are used in countries having severe winters such as Scandinavia and Canada. 

Parsley (Parsley Flakes). The dried leaves of Petroselinum hortense syn. P. crispum (Mill) (UmbeUiferae), are from a hardy biennial, native to the Mediterranean region and now cultivated commercially in the United States and southern Europe. The aroma is green and the flavor is pleasant, characteristic, and nuld. Parsley is used for the seasoning of fish, meats, soups, salads, etc. Parsley seed, the dried ripe fmit of the parsley herb, has an aroma and flavor less pronounced than the leaves. 

Saffron. Saffron spice is the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), a bulbous perennial native to southern Europe and Asia Minor and cultivated in the Mediterranean countries, particularly Spain. Tme saffron should not be confused with either meadow saffron, ie, Colchicum autumnale L. (Lihaceae) also called safflower, or bastard saffron, ie, Carthamus tinctorius L. (Compositae), both of which are occasionally used to adulterate tme saffron. 

There are other milder forms of thederiasis that resemble the disease caused by T parva infection. They also primarily affect catde and are transmitted by ticks. Causative organisms iaclude Theileria annulata responsible for tropical thieleriasis, tropical piroplasmosis, Egyptian fever, and Mediterranean Coast fever. These affect ox, zebu, and water buffalo. Endemic areas iaclude northern Africa, southeastern Europe, the southern part of the former USSR, and Asia. Theileria mutans is the cause of benign bovine thieleriasis, Marico calf disease, and mild gad sickness. It affects ox and zebu ia Africa, Asia, southern Europe, England, the former USSR, AustraUa, and North America. 

Over the past decade, plastic debris has become a common feature of beaches and coastal waters adjoining populated areas of Europe (36-38), the Mediterranean (39-41), North and Central America (42-44) and New Zealand (45). Plastics are also present in the open ocean both near the major shipping lanes and in the most remote regions of the world (the Arctic (46), the Benguela Current (47), the Cape Basin area of the South Atlantic (48), the Humboldt Current in the South Pacific (49), and the Antarctic (50, 51). 

Fig. 3 Temperature changes (top) and precipitation changes (middle) in Europe and the Mediterranean, from the simulations performed by 21 global models, for the AIB scenario. Values are differences between 2080-2099 and 1980-1999. Left column, annual mean middle column, winter mean right column, summer mean. An assessment of the uncertainty of precipitation changes is given in the bottom row, by indicating the number of models that give the same sign of change. Taken from Christensen et al. [4]...

Combining an analysis of these results from GCM with results from the PRUDENCE project, the AR4 also [4] presents some clear facts about the future climate in Europe and the Mediterranean ... 

Annual mean temperatures in Europe are likely to increase more than the global mean. Seasonally, the largest warming is likely to be in northern Europe in winter and in the Mediterranean area in summer. 

It is likely that the risk of hydrological drought (as a result of precipitation and evaporation trends) will increase, in particular in summer in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. 

Besides the IPCC AR4, several specific works make reference to climate projections for Europe and/or the Mediterranean, some being related with the PRUDENCE project also. One particular study is that of Sanchez et al. [11] where... 

Lazarova V, Levine B, Sack J et al (2001) Role of water reuse for enhancing integrated water management in Europe and Mediterranean countries. Water Sci Technol 43 25-33... 

Among the subfamily Polistinae, P. annularis, P. exclamans and P. fuscatus are the most important species in southern US states, P. dominulus and P. gallicus (fig. 2d) in southern and Mediterranean areas of Europe. Occasional members of these species are however also observed in regions with a temperate climate. Because Polistes build their nest mostly around or on human buildings, stings may occur frequently, especially in southern countries of Europe and southern US states. 

Phlomis consists of about 100 species, a dozen of which occur in Mediterranean Europe (Mabberley, 1997, p. 549). The study of interest here involves a study of the flavonoids of R lychnitys L., a small plant native to Mediterranean Spain (Tomas et ah, 1986). Those workers identified the common flavones apigenin, luteolin, and luteolin 3 -methyl ether (chrysoeriol) 7-0-glucosides and their respective /7-coumaroyl derivatives. A brief review of the literature revealed that Mediterranean species of Phlomis are characterized by the presence of the flavone methyl ether, whereas continental species appear to lack 0-methylated flavones. Species from India have been reported to lack flavones but accumulate flavonols. The suggestion was made that accumulation of flavonols represents an ancestral feature of the genus. 

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