Water buffalo

Coccidiosis is a widespread disease that occurs most often in fowl, such as chickens and turkeys, and other farm animals (cows, sheep, swine, horses, and rabbits) (11). In chickens the disease has caused severe economic losses. Coccidiosis also occurs in ox, water buffalo, zebu, bighorn sheep, wild goat, alpaca, Hon, puma, fox, mink, parakeet, Canada goose, snow goose, and camel, among others. It is seen only rarely in humans, and dogs and cats are only occasionally infected. 

There are other milder forms of thederiasis that resemble the disease caused by T parva infection. They also primarily affect catde and are transmitted by ticks. Causative organisms iaclude Theileria annulata responsible for tropical thieleriasis, tropical piroplasmosis, Egyptian fever, and Mediterranean Coast fever. These affect ox, zebu, and water buffalo. Endemic areas iaclude northern Africa, southeastern Europe, the southern part of the former USSR, and Asia. Theileria mutans is the cause of benign bovine thieleriasis, Marico calf disease, and mild gad sickness. It affects ox and zebu ia Africa, Asia, southern Europe, England, the former USSR, AustraUa, and North America. 

The domestication of animals occurred at least 6000 years ago. Besides providing a reliable food source, domestic animals supplied energy for many purposes. Hitched to a plow, oxen or water buffalo allowed humans to cultivate larger parcels of land. Land travel over long distances became much easier with horses, camels, and even elephants. 

Water buffalo, Bubalus sp. Kruger National Park, South Africa 1989 liver Bactrian camel, Camelus bactrianus China 1992 Normal Usually 18-80 FW (6-144) FW 90... 

So you are a real gypsy, then. And an outsider by your dress and beard. I like this. We like this young man, don t we. Rani " It was the first time that he had addressed his companion during the entire conversation. She replied with a nod, never taking her eyes off me. "Ja, good. So now we eat. And tomorrow we talk more. I will expect you to join us here at breakfast." And with that he applied himself to his water buffalo steak with a ferocious intensity. 

Grey seal 2.6 Water buffalo 4.8 Green monkey 10.2... 

Gazia, N. and Agergoard, N. 1980. Electrophoretic studies on protein and enzyme systems in Egyptian water buffaloes. Arsheret-K Vet. Landhohoejsk Inst. Sterileletsf-orsk 23, 35-41 (Danish). 

Small pieces of bone have been used to make jewelry, buttons, and other personal items, often in imitation of ivory. Domestic animals that are used as food or beasts of burden are the source of most commercial bone. These include cattle, camel, and water buffalo. Scrimshaw is an art form in which designs are scratched a light-colored material, and then ink or paint is rubbed into the lines. The raw material used is often ivory (teeth) or bone. 

Tanahashi et al. (1968) compared the immunological properties of bovine, water buffalo, ovine, caprine, porcine, guinea pig, and human a-lactalbumins by the method of Oudin. They found that the nonruminant a-lactalbumins do not react with antisera to the bovine protein. This is in accordance with our experience (K. Bell and H. A. McKenzie) using the Ouchterlony and immunoelectrophoretic methods. However, Sakar et al. (1971) found that while bovine, water buffalo, and caprine a-lactalbumins exhibit extensive cross-reaction in the Ouchterlony test, these ruminant a-lactalbumins may be differentiated quanti-... 

The most widely used bone comes from animals of the Bovidae family, which includes the domesticated ox - our cattle - and water buffalo. In all probability, it has always been the most popular bone, as it is of a good size and easy to work, though the long bones from the legs -which are the most useful due to their large size - are hollow. Items of bone found in antique shops or seen in museums are also most likely to have been made from an animal in this family. 

Native of South East Asia, the water buffalo, BubaUs bubalis (Fig. 7.1), is domesticated and used as a working animal, which can pull a plough or turn a wheel for an irrigation system. It is farmed for its meat, and its hide is turned into leather. 

Some of the domesticated species of livestock have become enormously abundant in cultivation. The world s population of sheep and goats has been estimated at about 1.7 billion, while there are some 1.3 billion cows, 0.85 billion pigs, 0.12 billion horses, and 0.16 billion camels and water buffalo. Some smaller species of livestock are even more abundant, including an estimated 10-11 billion fowl, mostly chickens. In comparison, the total population of humans is about 5.8 billion individuals. The populations of species of both livestock and humans are growing quite rapidly, in the case of humans at about 1.7% per year or 93 million people per year. 

The water buffalo Bubalus bubalis), also known as the old-world buffalo or domestic buffalo, is a common species of livestock in tropical countries. The water buffalo is commonly used as a draft animal, particularly for plowing wet fields, for example, in the cultivation of paddy rice. This species is also utilized for its meat, and for milk. 

Ghee is clarified butter from the milk of water buffaloes or cows. Although the butter is heated enough to ehm-inate non-sporulating organisms, the process is unlikely to kill the spores of Clostridium tetani. This may explain why a case-control study in rural areas of Pakistan identified its traditional use as an umbilical cord dressing as a risk factor for the development of neonatal tetanus (24). 

In colonial Vietnam, the head tax, or capitation, was levied on whole communities on the basis of their presumed population. If the sum were not remitted, the police would come and hold an auction of whatever they could seize (e.g., water buffalos, furniture, jewelry) until they had the required sum. This system gave the village notables, who owned most of the goods worth seizing, an incentive to make sure that the taxes were remitted on time. 

Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market.

The mushrooms primarily grow in valley areas with monsoon climate conditions, at altitudes of about 3,000 ft. on substrates of partially decomposed cow manure as well as on water buffalo dung. While the species Ifuits all year round, it does so most abundantly in May and June, the rainy months that precede the monsoon season. 

Enterococci occur in a variety of cheeses, especially artisan cheeses produced in mostly Mediterranean countries from raw or pasteurized goat s, ewe s, water-buffalo s or bovine milk. Numbers of enterococci in different cheese curd range from l(f to 10 CPU g", and in the fully ripened cheeses their range is from 10 to 10 CPU g" (Franz et al. 2003). The most frequently isolated species are E. faecalis and E. faecium (Gelsomino et al. 2001), followed by E. durans (Cosentino et al. 2004 Suzzi et al. 2000). The European cheeses in which enterococci have been studied are in Table 3. 

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