Euphorbias

Euphorbia is used to soothe respiratory disorders such as asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, and laryngeal spasm. It is also used for treating intestinal amebiasis. 

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Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is the toxin isolated from the spurge Euphorbia resinifera which is responsible for the powerful burning sensation and skin irritation induced by the milky sap of these plants. Like capsaicin, resiniferatoxin activates TRPV1 currents, but not the currents through other members ofthe TRPV subfamily. 

Euphosalicin-diterpene polyester Euphorbia salicifolia SiOj CHx + AcOEt + EtOH — Isolation, IR NMR MS 47 O... 

In 1990, specific binding of [ H]resiniferatoxin (2, RTX), an ultrapotent capsaicin analogue isolated from the latex of the cactus-like plant Euphorbia resinifera, provided the first direct proof for the existence of a distinct capsaicin receptor [4]. Based on the chemical motif (a vanillyl moiety) shared by (1) and (2), this receptor was termed the vanilloid receptor VRl [1]. 

One of the features of allelopathy, as pointed out by Rice (18). is that it is specific. Certain species, but not others, are affected by the allelochemics produced by a plant. This suggests that allelopathy by a weed must be positively demonstrated for each crop. References to specific reports of demonstrated allelopathy by a weed on a crop are given in Table 1. In some cases [crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), spurge (Euphorbia spp.), etc.], no crop is listed in the allelopathy column. 

Glycine max hypocotyls Nicotiana tobacum plants Helianthus annuus plants Sorghum vulgare seedlings Brassica rapa seedlings Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit Euphorbia pulcherrima bracts Amaranthus tricolor seedlings Oryza sativa leaves... 

Rudbeckla amplexlcaulls Vahl. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Lactuca canadensis L. Euphorbia maculata L. Oenothera laciniata Hill... 

Ambrosia elatir, Euphorbia leachates of phenolic red d nodule size no. red d ... 

Wada S, Reiko T, Akira I, Shunyo M. In vitro inhibitory effects of DNA topoisomerase II by femane-type triterpenoids isolated from a Euphorbia genus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998 8 2829-2832. 

Candelilla wax is extracted from Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica, which grow mainly in Mexico. The wax is collected from the root surface where the wax... 

Marty F. Cytochemical studies on GERL, provacuoles, and vacuoles in root meri-stematic cells of Euphorbia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978 75 852-856. 

Cathey, H. M., and H. E. Heggestad. Effects of growth retardants and fumigations with ozone and sulfur dioxide on growth and flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima WUld. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 98 3-7, 1973. 

There have been a number of reports of the use of enzymes in the extraction of oils from sources such as fish, rape seed, yeast, palms, and soya beans. Celluloses and pectinases are used in pdm oil extraction. In soya bean and fish, much oil has been found to be associated with protein, so that addition of proteases increases the yield of oil and protein. Use of thermostable proteases is preferred, but m general the use of enzymes is limited by the minimal water contents of the various process streams. Trichoderma uride and A niger celluloses, hemicellulases and proteases have been used to extract hydrocarbons from Euphorbia plants 39 40) and similar enzymes used to extract sapogenins from Helleborus 41). 

Gotta H, Adolf W, Opferkuch HJ, Hecker E. (1984) On the active principles of the Enphorbiaceae, IX. Ingenane type diterpene esters from five Euphorbia species. Z Naturforsch B 39 683-694 Hohmann J, Evanics E, Berta L, Bartok T. (2000) Diterpenoids from Euphorbia peplus. Planta Med 66 291-294 Ivanova A, Khozin-Goldberg 1, Kamenarska Z, Nechev J, Cohen Z, Popov S, Stefanov K. (2003) Lipophylic componnds from Euphorbia peplis L. — a halophytic plant from the Bnlgarian black sea coast. Z. Naturforsch 58c 783-788. 

A flavone xylopyranoside, 4, 5-dihyroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone-3-0-[3-D-xylopyranoside (155), isolated from the roots of Euphorbia leu-cophylla (family Euphorbiaceae) by Satyanarayana et was found to reduce the blood glucose levels (BGLs) and increase the serum insulin levels in normal and diabetic rats. One flavone [l"(- )-5,4, l"-trihy-droxy-6,7-(3",3"-dimethylchromano)flavone 156] and one flavanone [(25)-4 -0-methyl-6-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin 157) both isolated... 

Satyanarayana T, Katyayani BM, Hema Latha E, Mathews AA, Chinna Eswaraiah M. (2006) Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of Euphorbia leucophylla and its fractions in normal and in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pharmacog Magaz 2 244-253. 

Tumor promotion is preferential proliferation of a cell damaged by transformation, it is a very slow process that can take many years. Certain substances are able to strongly accelerate it—e.g., phorbol esters. These occur in plants (e. g.. Euphorbia species) and act as activators of protein kinase C (see p. 386). 

The cyclopropylmethanol ancymidol 50, applied as soil drench or as a foliar spray, shortened the internodes of ornamental plants. Trials with cultivation of Chrysanthenum morifoUum, Euphorbia pulcherrina and Tulipa gesneriana have been described, Eq. (18) [49]. 

Females of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae produced (17 , aS, IS, 7 7 )-nepetalactol and (4a5, 75, 7a7 )-nepetalactone in ratios that varied with age from 4 1 to 2 1. Males did not respond to either of the components when presented alone. However, the 5 1 ratio, which proved quite attractive in lab tests, was not as effective during three years of field trials. ... 

The Role of Phytochemistry in Attacking the Leafy Spurge Euphorbia esula) Problem... 

Several studies have examined the chemistry of Euphorbia species. A majority of these investigations have focused on the chemical character of the plant latex relative to taxonomy (, ) or mammalian toxicity Toxic Ingenane diterpenes (phorbols) have also been... 

Leafy Spurge Wax. Leaves of four North American accessions and one European accession of Euphorbia esula were dipped in chloroform (30 sec.) to obtain leaf wax samples for analytical gas chromato-graphy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis (28). The wax samples were partitioned into acetone soluble and acetone-insoluble fractions. 

Percent Composition and Yield of Epicuticular Waxes of Five Accessions of Euphorbia esula... 

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