Plant latex

Several studies have examined the chemistry of Euphorbia species. A majority of these investigations have focused on the chemical character of the plant latex relative to taxonomy (, ) or mammalian toxicity Toxic Ingenane diterpenes (phorbols) have also been... 

Patil CD, Patil SV, Borase HP, Salunke BK, Salunkhe RB. Larvicidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles s)mthesized Using Plumeria rubra Plant Latex Against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Parasitological Research 2012 110(5) 1815-1822. 

Ficus pumila L. F inicrocarpa L. Bi Li Go Rong Shu (Creeping fig) (whole plant) Latex.50 Carbuncle, dysentery, hematuria, piles, hernia, bladder inflammation. 

IP-PP and DMA-PP can yield volatile C3 hemiterpenes. At the other extreme, extensive polymerization of the C3-pyrophosphates (with release of pyrophosphate, PP ) yields the formation of the plant latex polymers such as eis-polyisoprenes (rubber) and trans-polyisoprenes (gutta-percha). In between these extremes, a variety of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and C3() carotenes derive from these C3-pyrophosphate precursors. 

Latex rubber is a colloidal suspension that can be made synthetically or found naturally in plants. Latex is composed of approximately 60% water, 35% hydrocarbon monomers, 2% proteins, and some sugars and inorganic salts. 

Constit. of latex of Dyera lowii and in the leaves of Anodendron affine. Also from Nerium oleander, Trachelospermum jasminoides and other plants. Latex used for manuf of chewing gum. Allergy inhibitor. Cryst. (EtOH) with sweet taste. Mp 210°. Exhibits polymorphism. Opt. inactive (meso-). 

Koops et al. (1991) used TLC as a cleanup step prior to the identification of various terpinoids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from seedlings of Euphorbia lathyris. The plant latex consisted mainly of triterpene alcohols, whereas the epicuticular wax contained mainly triterpene ketones. 

KON 11] Konno K., Plant latex and other exudates as plant defense systems roles of various defense chemieals and proteins contained therein . Phytochemistry, vol.72,pp. 1510-1530, 2011. 

Papaya plant latex Carica papaya, recombinant production in S. cerevisiae, P. pastoris and E. coli... 

Gut Rubber and Extruded Latex. The manufacturing technology for cut and extmded mbber thread is much older and more widely known than that for spandex fibers. Because production faciUties can be installed with relatively modest capital investment, manufacture of mbber thread is fragmented and more widely distributed with a few major and many minor producers. On a worldwide basis, Fikattice of Italy is the largest mbber thread producer with modem extmded latex plants in Italy, Spain, Malaysia, and the United States. Second in production capacity is the Globe Manufacturing Co., Fall River, Massachusettes with production operations in the United States and the UK. These firms also produce spandex fibers. 

The compounding technique for latex differs from that of dry mbber and is fundamentally simpler. A critical factor of colloidal stabiUty makes necessary that each ingredient is of optimum particle size, pH, and concentration when added as an aqueous dispersion to the latex. Rubber latex is a colloidal aqueous emulsion of an elastomer and natural mbber latex is the milky exudation of certain trees and plants that of greatest commercial importance is the... 

In converting ESBR latex to the dry mbber form, coagulating chemicals, such as sodium chloride and sulfuric acid, are used to break the latex emulsion. This solution eventually ends up as plant effluent. The polymer cmmb must also be washed with water to remove excess acid and salts, which can affect the cure properties and ash content of the polymer. The requirements for large amounts of good-quaUty fresh water and the handling of the resultant effluent are of utmost importance in the manufacture of ESBR and directly impact on the plant operating costs. 

The impact of cold GR-S was quite pronounced. The U.S. government edicted that all of the emulsion SBR plants switch to the cold process. This required addition of refrigeration capacity in these plants as well as other significant changes, such as insulation of reactors, improved vacuum to reduce oxygen that retards polymerization, and the heating of latex in blowdown tanks to aid in the disengagement of butadiene when transferred to the flash tanks. 

Guayule, potentially a source of natural mbber, is an unusual crop in that it has been an article of commerce in the past. Guayule grows wild in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States. When the leaves are milled in water, a latex is released that coagulates into natural mbber worms. These can easily be collected and relatively easily refined to give a product that is almost identical to the natural mbber from southeast Asia. During World War II there were several thousand acres of guayule planted in California and a small plant estabUshed to extract the mbber for military use. After the war. 

A number of high molecular weight polyisoprenes occur in nature which differ from natural rubber in that they are essentially non-elastic. As with natural rubber they are obtained from the latex of certain plants but they differ in that they are either frani-l,4-polyisoprenes and/or are associated with large quantities of resinous matter. 

Scheffler, N. E. (1996). "Inherently Safer Latex Plants. Process Safety Progress 15, 1 (Spring), 11-17. 

Originally from China, Rhus vernicefera has been under cultivation in Japan since the sixth century AD. The latex is collected in the same way as the rubber plant Hevea brasiliensis. The product is known as urushiol, which consists mostly of dihydric phenols of structures (Fig. 6) and is used as lacquers. 

Sanchez-Monge R, Dlaz-Perales A. Blanco C. Salcedo G Latex allergy and plant chitinases in Mills ENC, Shreffler WG (eds) Plant Food Allergens. Oxford. Blackwell Science. 2004, pp 87-104. 70... 

The rubber industry has a long and colorful history. Natural rubber is produced from latex, a milky fluid found in cells that lie between the bark and the wood of many plants. You may have seen latex flow from the broken stalks of milkweed plants, but the source of commercial rubber is the Hevea tree, a native of Brazil. When the bark of this tree is slashed, its milky white sap oozes out and can be collected in cups mounted on the tree s trunk. The people of the Amazon jungle made bouncing balls, shoes, and water Jars out of rubber, and Portuguese explorers sent waterproof boots and a rubber-coated coat back to their king. The first commercial exports included some rubber shoes shipped to Boston in 1823. 

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