Ethylene glycol naming

Cellosolve A trade name for ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. Also known as Oxitol. 

Homologous mono-alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, such as monoethyl glycol (or 2-ethoxyethanol), HOC2H4OC2H5, form excellent solvents as they combine to a large extent the solvent properties of alcohols and ethers. The monoethyl and the monomethyl members have the technical names of ethyl cellosolve and methyl cellosolve respectively. Dioxan... 

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are common names for these two diols and are acceptable lUPAC names Aside from these two compounds the lUPAC system does not use the word glycol for naming diols... 

Those polymers which are the condensation product of two different monomers are named by applying the preceding rules to the repeat unit. For example, the polyester formed by the condensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid is called poly(oxyethylene oxyterphthaloyl) according to the lUPAC system, as well as poly (ethylene terephthalate) or polyethylene terephthalate. 

The ethylene glycol liberated by reaction (5.L) is removed by lowering the pressure or purging with an inert gas. Because the ethylene glycol produced by reaction (5.L) is removed, proper stoichiometry is assured by proceeding via the intermediate, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate otherwise the excess glycol used initially would have a deleterious effect on the degree of polymerization. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is more familiar by some of its trade names Mylar as a film and Dacron, Kodel, or Terylene as fibers it is also known by the acronym PET. 

Polyethylene terephthalate [25038-59-9] (8) is a polyester produced by the condensation polymerization of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol. Polyethylene terephthalate sutures are available white (undyed), or dyed green with D C Green No. 6, or blue with D C Blue No. 6. These may be coated with polybutylene adipate (polybutilate), polyydimethylsiloxane, or polytetrafiuoroethylene [9002-84-0]. The sutures are distributed under the trade names Ethibond Exel, Mersdene, Polydek, Silky II Polydek, Surgidac, Tevdek II, Polyester, and Tl.Cron. 

With Water. Wurtz was the first to obtain ethylene glycol by heating ethylene oxide and water in a sealed tube (1). Later, it was noted that by-products, namely diethjlene and triethylene glycol, were also formed in this reaction (50). This was the first synthesis of polymeric compounds of well-defined stmcture. Hydration is slow at ambient temperatures and neutral conditions, but is much faster with either acid or base catalysis (Table 8). The type of anion in the catalyzing acid is relatively unimportant (58) (see Glycols). 

Cross-linkable rubbery polyesters have been produced but are now no longer produced. Rubbery polyester-amides were introduced by ICI under the trade name Vulcaprene as a leathercloth material but later were used primarily as leather adhesives and as flexible coatings for rubber goods. A typical polymer may be made by condensing ethylene glycol, adipic acid and ethanolamine to a wax with a molecular weight of about 5000. 

Molded urethanes are used in items such as bumpers, steering wheels, instrument panels, and body panels. Elastomers from polyurethanes are characterized by toughness and resistance to oils, oxidation, and abrasion. They are produced using short-chain polyols such as polytetram-ethylene glycol from 1,4-butanediol. Polyurethanes are also used to produce fibers. Spandex (trade name) is a copolymer of polyurethane (85%) and polyesters. 

Ethylene oxide, the simplest epoxide, is an intermediate in the manufacture of both ethylene glycol, used for automobile antifreeze, and polyester polymers. More than 4 million tons of ethylene oxide is produced each year in the United States by air oxidation of ethylene over a silver oxide catalyst at 300 °C. This process is not useful for other epoxides, however, and is of little value in the laboratory. Note that the name ethylene oxide is not a systematic one because the -ene ending implies the presence of a double bond in the molecule. The name is frequently used, however, because ethylene oxide is derived pom ethylene by addition of an oxygen atom. Other simple epoxides are named similarly. The systematic name for ethylene oxide is 1,2-epoxyethane. 

The most generally useful polyester is that made by reaction between dimethyl terephthalate (dimethyl 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol). The product is used under the trade name Dacron to make clothing fiber and tire cord and under the name Mylar to make recording tape. The tensile strength of polyethylene terephthalate) film is nearly equal to that of steel. 

Note A mixt consisting chiefly of 1,2-Propanediol Dinitrate, but contg varying amts of ethylene glycol dinitrate and butylene glycol dinitrate was marketed under the trade name Nitro-byronel (Ref 8)... 

The present report describes preparation and use of new protein modifying reagents, namely methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-N-succinimidyl carbonate (SC-PEG) and its bifunctional analog, polyethylene glycol)-bis-N-succinimidyl carbonate (BSC-PEG). 

The trade name of a polyester fibre used as textile reinforcement for mbber in products such as tyres, belting and hose. It is a truly synthetic fibre made from polyethylene terephthalate, a condensation product of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. 

Verhoeven et al. (1989) addressed the possible effect of manufacturing conditions such as the presence of additives, namely poly(ethylene glycol),... 

The name has been used also for the electrodimerization of formaldehyde to ethylene glycol, being developed by Electrosynthesis, Amherst, NY, in 1984. 

Most of the polymers are better known by their trivial names or trade names. Polymers prepared from single polymers are denoted by prefixing poly- to the name of the monomer, e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, etc. If the monomer has substituents or has a multi-worded name, the name of the monomer is enclosed in parenthesis after the prefix poly-, e.g., poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (vinyl alcohol), etc. Condensation polymers like that derived from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are named as poly (ethylene terephthalate). 

Many of the derivatives of propylene glycol, namely the ethers and the acetates, behave very much like the corresponding ethylene glycol derivatives. For that reason they are easily substitutable for each other. 

The introduction of a third component into the reaction system necessitates the use of copolymer nomenclature which can logically be developed Irom the foregoing rules, as the examples below illustrate. The copolymer derived from reaction of ethylene glycol with a mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids would be named ... 

Many condensation polymers are also named in this manner. In the case of poly(ethylene terephthalate), the glycol portion of the name of the monomer, ethylene glycol, is used in constructing the polymer name, so that the name is actually a hybrid of a source-based and a structure-based name. 

Statistical copolymerization of ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol with dimethyl ter-ephthalate results in products with improved crystallization and processing rates compared to poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polyarylates (trade names Ardel, Arylon, Durel), copolymers of bisphenol A with iso- and terephthalate units, combine the toughness, clarity, and proce-sibility of polycarbonate with the chemical and heat resistance of poly(ethylene terephthalate). The homopolymer containing only terephthalate units is crystalline, insoluble, sometimes infusible, and difficult to process. The more useful copolymers, containing both tere- and isophthalate units, are amorphous, clear, and easy to process. Polyarylates are used in automotive and appliance hardware and printed-circuit boards. Similar considerations in the copolymerization of iso- and terephthalates with 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or hexa-methylene diamine yield clear, amorphous, easy-to-process copolyesters or copolyamides,... 

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