Ethylene glycol dinitrate, 223

Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (Ethylene Dinitrate, Glycol Dinitrate, Nitroglycol, 

Uses Ethylene glycol dinitrate is a yellow, highly explosive liquid. It is extensively used in the manufacture of commercial dynamites and blasting gelatin. 

Toxicity Workers exposed to ethylene glycol dinitrate have demonstrated a variety of adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, respiratory arrest, angina, cyanosis, coma, and death. Absorption of the compound through skin, digestive tract, and lungs is fast and results in severe toxicity. Workers without proper protection have shown vasodilatation, causing a fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate.94,95 

Wills JH, Coulston F, Harris ES, et al Inhalation of aerosolized ethylene glycol hy man. Clin Toxicol 7 463, 1974 

Linnanvuo-Laitinen M, Huttunen K Ethylene glycol intoxication. Clin Toxicol 24 167-174, 1986 

Gerin M, Patrice S, Begin D, et al A study of ethylene glycol exposure and kidney function of aircraft de-icing workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 69 255-265, 1997 

Ocular toxicity of ethylene chlorohydrin and ethylene glycol in rabbits eyes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1972 

Price CJ, Kimmell CA, Tyl RW, et al The developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol in rats and mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 81 113-127, 1985 

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Temperature, °C Glycerol trinitrate Ethylene glycol dinitrate Diethjlene glycol dinitrate 1,2-Propylene glycol dinitrate 1,3-Propanediol dinitrate... 

Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol dinitrate Ethylene oxide Ethylene thiourea Ethylenimine... 

Ethylene dibromide, see 1,2-Dibromoethane Ethylene dichloride, see 1,2-Dichloroethane Ethylene glycol dinitrate and/or nitroglycerine... 

Ethanol amine dinitrate Ethylene diamine diperchlorate Ethylene glycol dinitrate Ethyl hydroperoxide Ethyl nitrate Ethyl nitrite Ethyl perchlorate... 

Note A mixt consisting chiefly of 1,2-Propanediol Dinitrate, but contg varying amts of ethylene glycol dinitrate and butylene glycol dinitrate was marketed under the trade name Nitro-byronel (Ref 8)... 

Ethoxylcarbonyl-2-arylazo-2-nitroe thane derivatives lb 365 Ethoxyquine la 106,108 Ethylamine lb 104,268 N-Ethylamine derivatives, tertiary lb 290 Ethylamphetamines la 45 N-Ethyl-N -benzylthiourea lb 301 N-Ethyl derivatives lb 190 -, secondary lb 190 -, tertiary lb 188, 191 Ethelenediamine la 392 Ethylene glycol dinitrate lb 415 N4-Ethyl-N4-(2-methanesulfonamido-ethyl)-2-methyl-l,4-phenylenediamine, reagent la 368... 

Nitro Compounds, Feuer H. Nielsen A. T. (Eds), New York, VCH, 1990, 315 The crude product is too explosive to be worked up. Analogy with other olefins indicates that the final product will be ethylene glycol dinitrate, a known explosive though safe enough to have largely replaced nitroglycerine. That will be preceded by 1,2-dinitroethane and nitratonitroethane, more sensitive if less powerful. 

Although sudden deaths due to circulatory failure have been reported among workers exposed chronically to nitrated esters such as nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate (Carmichael and Lieben 1963), no deaths attributable to cardiovascular effects were reported for U.S. Navy personnel involved in torpedo maintenance work (Horvath et al. 1981 Forman et al. 1987). The sudden deaths for workers in the explosives industry were attributed to a compensatory vasospasm that may produce coronary insufficiency upon withdrawal from nitrate ester exposure. 

As noted under Mechanisms of Toxicity (Section 4.2), nitrate and nitrite esters are vasodilators with resulting hypotension (Nickerson 1975). Therapeutic doses of nitroglycerin for relief of angina are associated with headaches of vascular origin. Both PGDN and the structurally related ethylene glycol dinitrate produce headaches in humans and methemoglobinemia and hypotension in rats (Andersen and Mehl 1979). 

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