Phosphorus estuaries

Chambers, R. M., Fourqurean, J. W., Hollibaugh, J. T., and Vink, S. M. (1995). Importance of terrestrially-derived particulate phosphorus to phosphorus dynamics in a west coast estuary. Estuaries 18,518-526. 

Lucotte, M. and d Anglejan, B. (1988). Seasonal changes in the phosphorus-iron geochemistry of the St. Lawrence estuary. /. Coastal Res. 4,339-349. 

Abel et al. [389] determined simazine in estuary water by adsorption on a Ci8 SPE cartridge followed by determination by HR-GC using a nitrogen-phosphorus specific detector. 

Froelich, P.N., L.W. Kaul, J.T. Byrd, M.O. Andreas, and K.K. Roe. 1985. Arsenic, barium, germanium, tin, dimethylsulfide and nutrient biogeochemistry in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, a phosphorus-enriched estuary. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 20 239-264. 

Mucci, A. et al. 2000. The differential geochemical behavior of arsenic and phosphorus in the water column and sediments of the Saguenay Fjord Estuary, Canada. Applied Geochemistry, 6, 293-324. 

Human activity has an enormous influence on the global cycling of nutrients, especially on the movement of nutrients to estuaries and other coastal waters. For phosphorus, global fluxes are dominated by the essentially one way flow of phosphorus carried in eroded materials and wastewater from the land to the oceans, where it is ultimately buried in ocean sediments. The size of this flux is currently estimated at 22 x 106 tons per year. Prior to increased human agricultural and industrial activity,... 

Nitrogen pollution has received far more attention than that of phosphorus for two reasons. First, it has been considered as the nutrient-limiting primary production in estuaries and coastal waters. Second, its loading into the coastal zone has been far greater than that of phosphorus (Figure 24.21). It is also more efficiently exported into the ocean due in part to formation of iron phosphate minerals in anoxic estuarine sediments. 

As a result of their geographical circumstances and these various historical developments, many estuaries appear to be among the most heavily loaded ecosystems in the world in terms of the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus received per unit area (Fig. 5). Even the farm fields of the American corn belt do not receive the fertilization common to many estuaries, and the nutrient inputs to natural terrestrial systems and fresh waters appear to be orders of magnitude lower. There are fewer data available on the inputs of metals and other pollutants to estuaries, but the evidence at hand suggests that the delivery of heavy metals to estuaries may equal or exceed that deposited from the atmosphere on heavily industrialized urban areas and exceed that deposited on rural terrestrial ecosystems by orders of magnitude (Fig. 6). 

Boynton, W. R., J. H. Garber, R. Summers, and W. M. Kemp. 1995. Inputs, transformations, and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chesapeake Bay and selected tributaries. Estuaries 18 285-314. 

Nemery, J., and Gamier, J. (2007). Typical features of particulate phosphorus in the Seine estuary (France). Hydrobiologia 588,271-290. 

Kaldy, J.E. 2006. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal budgets How large is the eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) sink in a temperate estuary Mar. Pollut. Bull. 52 332-356. 

Figure 8.2 Regression of total (dissolved and particulate) nitrogen and phosphorus from estuaries, surface films, and oceanic surface (< 50 m) and deep waters. (Modified from Downing, 1997.)...

Figure 11.11 Phosphorus inputs (kt P y 1) from domestic and industrial sources to the Seine River estuary over the past 30 years. (Modified from Billen et al., 2001.)...

The cycling and availability of P in estuaries is largely dependent on P specia-tion. Consequently, total P has traditionally been divided into total dissolved P and total particulate P fractions, which can be further divided into dissolved and particulate organic P and dissolved and particulate inorganic P pools. Another defined fraction within the TP pool is reactive phosphorus, which has been used to describe the potentially bioavailable P. Much of the work to date has focused on the soluble reactive P, which is characterized as the P fraction that forms a phosphomolybdate complex under acidic conditions. 

Berner, R.A., and Rao, J. (1994) Phosphorus in sediments of the Amazon River and estuary implications for the global flux of phosphorus to the sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 2333-2339. 

Coelho, J.P., Flindt, M.R., Jensen, H.S., Lillebo, A.I., and Pardal, M.A. (2004) Phosphorus speciation and availability in intertidal sediments of a temperate estuary relation to eutrophication and annual P-fluxes. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 61, 583-590. 

Davis III, S.E., Childers, D.L., Day, J.W., Rudnick, D.T., and Sklar, F.H. (2001) Wetland-water column exchange of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a southern everglades dwarf mangrove. Estuaries 24, 610-622. 

Keefe, C.W. (1994) The contribution of inorganic compounds to the particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in suspended matter and surface sediments of Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries 17, 122-130. 

Lebo, M.E. (1991) Particle-bound phosphorus along an urbanized coastal plain estuary. Mar. Chem. 34, 225-246. 

Lucotte, M., and d Angleian, B. (1993) Forms of phosphorus and phosphorus-iron relationships in the suspended matter of the St. Lawrence estuary. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 20, 1880-1890. 

Maguer, J., Wafer, M., Madec, C., Morin, P., and Denn, E. (2004) Nitrogen, and phosphorus requirements of an Alexandrium minutum bloom in the Penze Estuary, France. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 1108-1114. 

McKee, L.J., Eyre, B.D., and Hossan, S. (2000) Transport and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sub-tropical Richmond River estuary, Australia. Biogeochemistry 50, 241-278. 

Ormaza-Gonzalez, F.I., and Statham, P.J. (1991) The occurrence and behavior of different forms of phosphorus in the waters of four English estuaries. In Estuaries and Coasts Spatial and Temporal Intercomparisons (Elliott, M., and Ducrotoy, J.P., eds.), pp. 77-83, Olsen and Olsen, Copenhagen. 

Taft, J.L., and Taylor, W.R. (1976) Phosphorus dynamics in some coastal plain estuaries. In Estuarine Processes. I. Use, Stresses, and Adaptations to the Estuary (Wiley, M., ed.), pp. 79-89, Academic Press, New York. 

Westman, P., Borhendahl, J., Bianchi, T.S., and Chen, N. (2003) Probable causes for cyanobacterial expansion in the Baltic Sea role of anoxia and phosphorus retention. Estuaries 26, 680-689. 

Zwolsman, J.J.G. (1994) Seasonal variability and biogeochemistry of phosphorus in the Scheldt Estuary, South-West Netherlands. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 39, 227-248. 

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