Nitrogen pollution

The exhaust gas from an average automobile contains 206 ppm of the pollutant nitrogen oxide, NO. If an automobile emits 125 L of exhaust gas at 1.00 atm and 350 K, what mass of NO has been added to the atmosphere ... 

So we see the biggest disadvantage by using chlorine (and chlorine releasing products) and hypochlorites, is the minor efficiency at higher pH level and in presence of polluting nitrogenous products, and the fact is it is poisonous. 

The feasibility of an optical fiber system was demonstrated for the differential absorption analysis of the car pollutant nitrogen dioxide. It absorbs in the visible and can be "sensed" using an Ar-ion laser27. The yellow metabolite bilirubin has been monitored in blood via fiber optic spectrometry in serum28. The tip of a fiber optic cable was inserted into a injection needle so to reach the blood sample, and absorbance (and later fluorescence) was acquired of a sample contained in the cavity at the tip of the fiber or needle. 

Johnson D, Leake JR, Lee JA (1999) The effects of quantity and duration of simulated pollutant nitrogen deposition on root-surface phosphatase activities in calcareous and acid grasslands a bioassay approach. New Phytol 141 433 142. doi http //www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/ abs/10.1046/j. 1469-8137.1999.00360.x... 

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards standards exist for the pollutants known as the criteria air pollutants nitrogen oxides... 

The impact of anthropogenic nutrient emissions in the coastal zone is heightened by its chemical speciation. Pollutant nitrogen and phosphorus are delivered to the coastal waters primarily in inorganic form, whereas most of the natural riverine dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are components of organic compounds, i.e., DON and DOE Thus, the pollutant nutrients are delivered to the coastal waters in a chemical form that can be directly assimilated by coastal plankton, whereas the organically bound (natural) forms must first be remineralized. 

When sulfur dioxide is present in the polluted air, it causes a n a-tive interference equal to 1(X)% of an equimolar concentration of oxidant. The response to the pollutant, nitrogen dioxide, varies with the reagent formulation and scrubber design. For 10% potassium iodide, nitrogen dioxide produces a positive interference of approximately 21% for 20% potassium iodide, the interference produced is approximately 30%. ... 

Menser, H. A., and O. E. Street. Effects of air pollution, nitrogen levels, supplemental irrigation, and plant spacing on weather fleck and leaf losses of Maryland tobacco. Tobacco Sci. 6 167-171, l%2. 

National Research Council. Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants. Nitrogen Oxides. Washington, D.C. National Academy of Sciences, (in press)... 

The energy required to break bonds can also come from the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. As the radiation is absorbed by reactant molecules, the atoms in the molecules may start to vibrate so rapidly that the bonds between them are easily broken. In many instances, the direct absorption of electromagnetic radiation is all it takes to break chemical bonds and initiate a chemical reaction. As we discuss in Chapter 17, for example, the common atmospheric pollutant nitrogen dioxide, N02, may transform to nitrogen monoxide and atomic oxygen merely upon exposure to sunlight ... 

To introduce the concept of reaction rate, we will consider the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide, a gas that causes air pollution. Nitrogen dioxide decomposes to nitric oxide and oxygen as follows ... 

CASE 1 ODD-ELECTRON MOLECULES The electrons in a Lewis diagram that satisfies the octet rnle must occur in pairs—bonding pairs or lone pairs. Any molecule that has an odd number of electrons cannot satisfy the octet rule. Most stable molecules have even numbers of electrons, bnt a few have odd numbers. An example is nitrogen oxide (NO), a stable (althongh reactive) molecule that is an important factor in air pollution. Nitrogen oxide has 11 electrons, and the best electron dot diagram for it is... 

Kaiser, Jocelyn, The Other Global Pollutant Nitrogen proves Tough to Curb , Science, Vol. 294. No. 5545, November 9, 2001, Page 1268... 

At local and urban levels, it is essentially a question of vicinity pollution. Several air pollutants are concerned sulphur dioxide, SO2 (primary pollutant) nitrogen oxides NO (primary or secondary pollutants) particulate matter PM (primary and secondary pollutants) carbon monoxide, CO, (primary pollutant) (volatile) organic compounds, HC (or VOCs) (primary and secondary pollutants), and photochemical oxidants, O3, PAN (secondary pollutants). Organic compounds account for a wide range of hydrocarbons and are found in solid, liquid, and gas forms. 

This book is a broad-based text covering classification of pollutants nitrogen, phosphorus. and sulfur in soil trace elements organic chemicals blogeochemlcal cycles tire atmosphere and risk assessment... 

Leaching of nitrogenous fertilizers from agricultural land and nitrogenous materials in sewage cause serious water pollution. Nitrogen oxides are widespread source of acid rain/... 

Luminol (3-aminophthalhydrazide) is used in a commercially available portable device called the Luminox that measures minute concentrations (parts per billion) of the pollutant nitrogen dioxide in air. Luminol is also used ftequently in laboratory demonstrations of the chemiluminescence phenomenon. Luminol-mediated chemiluminescence is the result of an oxidation reaction. The oxidation proceeds in two steps, which ultimately lead to the production of the aminophthalate anion in an excited state and the elimination of water and molecular nitrogen. The formation of the strong triple bond (N=N) is a major factor in the release of energy in the form of light. 

Anthropogenic Trace Elements in the Ocean. Atmospheric Input of Pollutants. Carbon Cycle. Conservative Elements. Hydrothermal Vent Fluids, Chemistry of. Marine Silica Cycle. Metal Pollution. Nitrogen Cycle. Platinum Group Elements and their Isotopes in the Ocean. Refractory Metals. River Inputs. Transition Metals and Heavy Metal Speciation. 

Atmospheric Input of Pollutants. Nitrogen Isotopes in the Ocean. Phosphorus Cycle. 

Air Pollution Nitrogen oxide, which is present in urban air pollution, immediately converts to nitrogen dioxide as it reacts with oxygen. 

Reducing PoUution Automobile exhausts contain the dangerous pollutants nitrogen monoxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). An alloy catalyst ojfers a promising way to reduce the amounts of these gases in the atmosphere. When NO and CO are passed over this catalyst, the following equilibrium is established. 

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a gas which decomposes to the more familiar brown air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at higher temperatures. The... 

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