Phosphorus retention

Kennedy RH (1999) Basin-wide considerations for water quality management Importance of phosphorus retention by reservoirs. Intemat Rev Hydrobiol 84 557-566... 

Cornett RJ (1989) Predicting changes in hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations with phosphorus retention, temperature, and morphometry. Limnol Oceanogr 34 1359-1366... 

Demurs BOL, Harper DM, Pitt JA, Slaughter R (2005) Impact of phosphorus control measures on in-river phosphorus retention associated with point source pollution. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 9 43-55... 

Mnkeni PNS, MacKenzie AF (1985) Retention of ortho- and polyphosphates in some Quebec soils as affected by added organic residues and calcium carbonate. Can J Soil Sci 65 575-585 Ogaard AF (1996) Effect of fresh and composted cattle manure on phosphorus retention in soil. 

Table VI. Effect of Zinc Toxicity on Phosphorus Retention in ...

Table VIII. Effects of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Zinc Supplements on Phosphorus Retention in Young Rats...

Most convincing with respect to variable needs, however, are well authenticated cases of "vitamin D-resistant rickets" which respond only when enormous doses of vitamin D, sometimes up to 100,000, 500,000 or even 1,500,000 units, are administered.39,40 Lower levels, which are wholly adequate even for mildly susceptible children, are without any beneficial effect on highly resistant cases so far as calcium and phosphorus retention is concerned. When extremely high levels are used, toxicity is liable to develop.40... 

Moosmann L, Gachter R, Muller B, Wiiest A (2006) Is phosphorus retention in autochthonous lake sediments controlled by oxygen or phosphorus Limol Oceanogr 51 763-771... 

Information on phosphorus retention (Table V) is less abundant than that on lead. The presence of lead phosphates in used catalysts has been noted (26, 35). The retention and possibly its ability to poison a catalyst, as well, of phosphorus originating from fuel, will depend on the presence of lead. The work of McArthur (26) shows very low P retention from the fuel as compared with that from oil. The ad hoc explanation offered is that whereas P205 is the most likely form for the transport of fuel phosphorus, other forms may prevail for the oil phosphorus. This, indeed, may be so if one realizes that the oil contains species such as Zn and alkaline earth metals which form very stable phosphates. The harmful effects and the distribution of phosphorus might well be influenced by such differences, as will be discussed subsequently. 

Westman, P., Borhendahl, J., Bianchi, T.S., and Chen, N. (2003) Probable causes for cyanobacterial expansion in the Baltic Sea role of anoxia and phosphorus retention. Estuaries 26, 680-689. 

Nitrogen retention evaluation [251] was as good with ]7a-ethylnor-testosterone as with testosterone propionate (subcutaneous administration) or 17a-methyltestosterone (oral administration) [250]. The calcium and phosphorus retention was also favorably affected but as a side effect, mild cholestatic jaundice was observed [256]. Also a marked increase in bromsulfalein retention was observed in humans by administration of 17a-ethylnortestosterone [257]. Other 17o -alkyl substitutions (propyl, allyl, methallyl, ethynyl) caused a decrease of the anabolic activity. A new type of derivatives of 19-nortestosterone was prepared by etherification of the 17/3-hydroxy group [12,143,258]. Among these compounds, 19-nortestosterone-17-(cyclopent-l -enyl) ether (N-81) possesses a favorable anabolic-androgenic ratio without the undesirable side effects. 

The interaction of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds produces a more effective catalyst for the dehydration because the combination leads to further increases in the char formation and greater phosphorus retention in the char 43, 71-73). This result may be caused by the cross-linking of the cellulose during pyrolysis through... 

Caraco et al. (1989, 1990) suggested that lake sediments have a greater tendency to adsorb and store phosphorus than do estuarine sediments if this were true, this differential process would make phosphorus limitation more likely in lakes than in estuaries. However, the generality of a difference in phosphorus retention between lakes and coastal marine sediments has yet to be established. It is also important to note that eutrophication may lead to less denitrification since the coupled processes of nitrification and denitrification are disrupted in anoxic waters. 

Fordham, A.W., and K. Norrish, 1979. Arsenate-73 uptake by components of several acidic soils and its implicatiotis for phosphorus retention. Aust. J. Soil Res. 17 307-316. Fukuzumi, S., Y. Ono, and T, Keii. 1975, ESR studies on the formation of p-benzosemiquinone... 

R. Gachter and B. Muller (2003) Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 48, p. 929 - Why the phosphorus retention of lakes does not necessarily depend on the oxygen supply to their sediment surface . 

As a result of the research activities in the domain of biological wastewater treatment, several studies reassessed the role of bacteria in phosphorus removal in aquatic systems. The potential for phosphorus storage by general bacterial growth processes (not only by polyphosphate accumulation) has been identified in several analytical studies as an important mechanism for phosphorus retention in sediments and for... 

FIGURE 9.2 Phosphorus retention in various components of watershed Okeechobee drainage basin as case example. 

Phosphorus sorption refers to the abiotic retention of inorganic phosphorus in soils. In the following text, we will review few concepts and terminology related to inorganic phosphorus retention in soils. For details on the terminology, the reader is referred to basic soil chemistry textbooks (e.g., McBride, 1994 Bohn et al., 1985). 

Abiotic phosphorus retention by wetland soils is regulated by various physicochemical properties including pH, redox potential, iron, aluminum, and calcium content of soils, organic matter content, phosphorus loading, and ambient phosphorus content of soils. 

Organic anions produced during decomposition can compete with phosphate ions for adsorbing surfaces, thus decreasing phosphorus retention. 

DOM can form protective coating on minerals such as Fe and A1 oxides and calcite, thus resulting decreased phosphorus retention. 

In sulfate-dominated wetlands, production of sulfide (through biological reduction of sulfate) and formation of ferrous sulfides may preclude phosphorus retention by ferrous iron in regulating phosphorus bioavailability (Caraco et al., 1991). In iron- and calcium-dominated systems, Moore and Reddy (1994) observed that iron oxides likely control the behavior of inorganic phosphorus under aerobic conditions, whereas calcium phosphate mineral precipitation governs the solubility under anaerobic conditions. This difference is in part due to a decrease in pH under aerobic conditions as a result of oxidation of ferrous iron compounds, whereas an increase in pH occurs under anaerobic conditions as a result of reduction of ferric iron compounds. The juxtaposition of aerobic and anaerobic interfaces promotes oxidation-reduction of iron and its regulation of phosphorus solubility. 

This phosphorus flux from internal memory is a major concern, when intensively used agricultural lands are converted to wetlands. The phosphorus retention capacity of soils can be improved... 

Phosphorus retention in wetlands is an important function in watershed nutrient cycling particularly in drainage basins with significant nonpoint nutrient contributions from agriculture and urban sources. Phosphorus retention in wetlands involves complex intercoupled physical, chemical. 

Numerous published articles evaluated the potential of wetlands to retain phosphorus. Most of this information is related to inflow and outflow characteristics of the water, with very limited information on internal processes and mass balances of phosphorus in wetlands. However, a wealth of quantitative information on phosphorus biogeochemistry of upland and of other aquatic ecosystems provides extensive process-level information. These data on chemical and biological reactions regulating phosphorus availability and mobility in soils and sediments form a basis for much of the phosphorus biogeochemistry research related to phosphorus retention in wetlands. For example, early research on flooded soils showed the regulation of phosphorus solubility and retention by oxidation and reduction of iron. Similarly, iron regulation of phosphorus solubility was also shown in lake sediments. More recent research in wetlands also confirmed that these principles are applicable to wetland ecosystems. 

The phosphorus retention abilities of mineral soils are directly related to amorphous and poorly crystalline forms of Ee and Al. Phosphate bound to Ee and A1 can be displaced by organic anions. 

When sulfate reduction occurs, sulhde can react with iron to form pyrite. This decreases the amount of phosphorus that is bound with iron and results in more available phosphorus. Inorganic phosphorus retention is regulated by pH, Eh, phosphate concentration (there is a limited amount of substrate for adsorption), concentrations of Ee, Al, and calcium carbonate, and temperature. 

---