Phosphorus requirement

The above description of eutrophication has illustrated the complex nature of the problem, particularly in relation to the influence of nutrients, the multiplicity of sources of phosphorus and the spectrum of its bio-availability. Clearly, the most effective long-term solution to many of our eutrophication problems will be to reduce the nutrient load to affected waters. However, it has also been shown that, because the concentrations of available phosphorus required to impose a control on primary production is very low (e.g. 5-10/rgU total dissolved phosphorus), the reduction of nutrients from any one source alone is unlikely to be effective. 

FRET-based nanosensors have been successfully used to monitor steady state levels of metabolites, nutrients, and ions in mammalian cells [74, 87], Recently FRET-based glucose, sucrose, and amino acid nanosensors have been developed to study the metabolism of glucose, sucrose, and amino acid uptake and metabolism in plant cells [80,89, 91]. The enormous potential of these nanosensors will be crucial for understanding ion (e.g., calcium), metabolite (e.g., sugars), hormone (e.g., auxins, gibberellins etc.), and nutrient (e.g., nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) requirements and homeostasis in living plant tissues. 

Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus requirements are typically decreased in patients with kidney failure, whereas calcium requirements are increased (see Chaps. 76 and 78). 

Kirk GJD, Yu T-R, Choudhury FA. 1990b. Phosphorus chemistry in relation to water regime. In Phosphorus Requirements for Sustainable Agriculture in Asia and Oceania. Manila International Rice Research Institute, 211-223. 

Trehan, S. R, Sharma, R. C. (2003). External phosphorus requirement of different potato Solanum tuberosum) cultivars resulting from different internal requirements and uptake efficiencies. Indian J. Agric. Set, 73, 54-56. 

In the seventeenth century, Robert Boyle was much impressed by the fact that a body like phosphorus was able to shine in the dark without having been before illumined by any lucid substance, and without being hot as to sense and by the remarkably small amount of phosphorus required to produce a luminous effect. He said ... 

Maguer, J., Wafer, M., Madec, C., Morin, P., and Denn, E. (2004) Nitrogen, and phosphorus requirements of an Alexandrium minutum bloom in the Penze Estuary, France. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49, 1108-1114. 

Hypophosphites and phosphates, e.g. calcium hypophosphite and glycerophosphate, are used in considerable quantities as patent medicines and in medicine generally as accessory foods. Acid phosphates are used extensively in baking powders and various manufactured foods. The phosphorus requirements of the animal body are stated on p. 4, and also the supply of the element in certain vegetable products, while the probable role of phosphates in some biological processes is indicated on p. 169. From their intimate connection with life it will be gathered that by far the most important use of phosphorus compounds is in the manufacture of fertilisers (see Chap. XV.). 

Fitter, A.H. 1974. A relationship between phosphorus requirement, the immobilization of added phosphate and the phosphate buffering capacity of colliery shales. J. Soil Sci. 25 41-50. 

Since milk is the vehicle by which the infant mammal obtains its calcium and phosphorus requirements for growth, the fluid must contain large quantities of both elements. Both solid and solution phases coexist, but the solid phase is maintained in a colloidal state by interaction with protein and the nature of the solid state is of considerable interest.347 In the 3fP solution-state spectrum of whole cow s milk the inorganic phosphate time is broad on adding EDTA this narrows and increases in intensity. This is consistent with the dissolution of the solid phase and reduction of the interaction of the phosphate with either the solid phase and/or the protein.346 The temperature dependence of31P signal intensity has been measured in simulated milk ultrafiltrate solution (SMUF), a colloidal calcium phosphate-free milk (CCP-free) and a casein micelle suspension (CMS).345... 

Vadstein, O. (1994) The role of heterotrophic, planktonic bacteria in the cycling of phosphorus in lakes phosphorus requirements, competitive ability and food web interactions. PhD thesis, University of Trondheim (cited by Gismervik etal., 1996). 

A) No consideration is given to plant phosphorus requirements (i.e., the growth rate of tropical forests is affected only by the atmospheric CO2 concentration). 

The normal phosphorus requirement of animals is only 50% that of the calcium... 

Elemental Analyses—A Leeman Model PS 1000 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer was used to determine all elemental concentrations of phosphorus required in these studies. ASTM Method D 4951 [25] was followed using cobalt at 200 PPM as an internal standard. 

Aaronson, S. and Patni, N.J. (1976) The role of surface and extracellular phosphatases in the phosphorus requirement of Ochromonas. Limnology and Oceanography 21,838-845. 

Hernandez, I., Hwang, S.-J. and Heath, R.T. (1995) Measurement of phosphomonoesterase activity with a radiolabel led glucose-5-phosphate role in the phosphorus requirement of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in a temperate meso-trophic lake. Archiv fur Flydrobiologie 137, 255-280. 

Vadstein, O. (2000) Heterotrophic, planktonic bacteria and cycling of phosphorus phosphorus requirements, competitive ability, and food web interactions. Advances in Microbial Ecology 16, 115M67. 

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