Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors

Estrogen and progesterone receptors are used in breast cancer as indicators for hormonal therapy. ° Patients with positive estrogen and progesterone receptors tend to respond to hormonal treatment. Those with negative receptors will be treated using other therapies, such as chemotherapy. 

Estrogen and progesterone receptors Catecholamine metabolites Hydroxyproline Lipid-associated sialic add Polyaminc 

Neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma Bone metastasis (breast), multiple myeloma Gastrointestinal, lung, rheumatoid Brain Various 

VamEylmanddic acid HVA, honiovanillic acid CSF, cerebrospinal fluid. 

Hormone receptors also serve as prognostic factors in breast cancer. Patients with positive receptor levels tend to survive longer. 

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Steroid Hormones and Neurosteroids. Steroids (qv) can affect neuroendocrine function, stress responses, and behavioral sexual dimorphism (78,79) (see Steroids). Mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors are localized in the brain and spinal cord. In addition to genomic actions, the neurosteroid can act more acutely to modulate the actions of other receptors or ion channels (80). Pregnenolone [145-13-17, ( ) dehydroepiandosterone [53-43-0] C H2 02 (319) are excitatory neurosteroids found in rat brain, independent of adrenal... 

Vonier PM, Crain DA, McLachlan JA, et al. 1996. Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator. Environ Health Perspect 104(12) 1318-1322. 

Rhodes A, Jasani B, Balaton AJ, et al. Study of interlaboratory reliability and reproducibility of estrogen and progesterone receptor assays in Europe documentation of poor reliability and identification of insufficient microwave antigen retrieval time as a major contributory element of unreliable assays. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2001 115 44-58. 

Fisher B, Redmond C, Brown A, Wickerham DL, Wolmark N, Allegra J, Escher G, Lipp-man M, Savlov E, Wittliff J, et al. (1983) Influence of tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor levels on the response to tamoxifen and chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1(4) 227—241... 

Bezwoda W, Esser J, Dansey R, Kessel I, Lange M. The value of estrogen and progesterone receptor determinations in advanced breast cancer. Estrogen receptor level but not progesterone receptor level correlates with response to tamoxifen. Cancer 1991 68 867-72. 

SYNTHETIC AGENTS ACTING VIA ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS... 

The general steroid-receptor hypothesis is based mainly on estrogen and progesterone receptors. The currently accepted mechanism is unique and consists of several steps at different subcellular structures ... 

D. F. Smith, D. O. Toft (1993). Steroid receptors and their associated proteins. Mol. Endocrinol. 4 1. Y. Tabata, H. Osada (2003). Estrogen and progesterone receptors as molecular targets for anticancer drug. Drug Deliv. Syst. 18 336-342. 

Ellis DL, Wheeland RG, Solomon H. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in melanocytic lesions. Occurrence in patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1985 121(10) 1282—5. 

IMMUNOSTAINING OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATES OF BREAST... 

Biesterfeld, S., Veuskens, U., Schmitz, F.-J., Amo-Takyi, B., and Bocking, A. 1996. Interobserver reproducibility of immunocytochemical estrogen and progesterone receptor status assesment in breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 76 2497-2500. 

Busam, K. J., Tan, L. K., Granter, S. R., Kohler, S., Junkins-Hopkins, J., Berwick, M., and Rosen, P. P. 1999. Epidermal growth factor, estrogen, and progesterone receptor expression in primary sweat gland carcinomas and primary and metastatic mammary carcinomas. Mod. Pathol. 72 786-793. 

Leung, S. W., and Bedard, Y. C. 1999. Estrogen and progesterone receptor contents in ThinPrep-processed fine-needle aspirates of breast. Am. J. Pathol. 112 50-58. 

Oyaizu, T., Arita, S., Hatano, T., and Tsubura, A. 1996. Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors performed with an antigen-retrieval technique on methacam-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. J. Surg. Res. 60 69-73. 

Remmele, W., and Schicketanz, K. H. 1993. Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in human breast cancer. Pathol. Res. Pract. 189 862-866. 

Fuqua, S.A. and Cui, Y. 2004. Estrogen and progesterone receptor isoforms Clinical significance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 87(Suppl. 1), S3-S10. 

Investigations into the mechanism of CDD-induced decreased fertility revealed blocked estrous cycle in female mice exposed orally to 2,3,7,8-TCDD for an intermediate duration (Umbreit et al. 1987) and dose-dependent decreases in uterine and hepatic cytosolic, and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptor levels in rats after intraperitoneal 2,3,7,8-TCDD injection (Romkes and Safe 1988). Furthermore,... 

Thorpe SM. Immunological quantitation of nuclear receptors in human breast cancer Relation to cytosolic estrogen and progesterone receptors. Cancer Res 1987 47(7) 1830-1835. 

Badve SS, et al. Estrogen- and progesterone-receptor status in ECOG 2197 comparison of immunohistochemistry by local and central laboratories and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction by central laboratory. J Clin Oncol 2008 26 2473-81. 

K27. Kumar, V. L., Wadhwa, S. N., Kumar, V., and Farooq, A., Androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptor content and serum hormone profiles in patients with benign hypertrophy and carcinoma of the prostate. J. Surg. Oncol. 44, 122-128 (1990). 

M22. Mobbs, B. G., lohnson, I. E., and Lui, Y., Quantitation of cytosolic and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptor in benign, untreated, and malignant human prostatic tissue by radioligand binding and enzyme-immunoassays. Prostate 16, 235-244 (1990). 

Steroid Receptors. Steroid receptors such as estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors are overexpressed in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Estrogen and progesterone receptors are present in about 65% of human breast cancers. The presence or absence of these receptors in cases of breast carcinoma assists the determination of the therapeutic strategy (hormonal or chemical) that is likely to be effective. The successful Tc complex must cross the membrane lipid bilayer of the cell, and thus, the size and lipophilicity of the complex must be balanced with receptorbinding affinity. 

D.M. Tanenbaum, Y. Wang, S.P. Williams, and P.B. Sigler. 1998. Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor s ligand binding domains Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 5998-6003. (PubMed) (Full Text in PMC)... 

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