Receptor negative

LDL-receptor negative Reduction in LDL receptors Single nucleotide mutation Metabolic and environmental Overproduction of VLDL and/or LDL... 

Cytotoxic chemotherapy is eventually required in most patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients with hormone-receptor-negative tumors require chemotherapy as initial therapy of symptomatic metastases. Patients who respond initially to hormonal manipulations eventually cease to respond and go on to require chemotherapy. The median duration of response is 5 to 12 months, but some patients will have an excellent response to an initial course of chemotherapy and may live 5 to 10 years or longer without evidence of disease. In general, median survival of patients after treatment with commonly used drug combinations for metastatic breast cancer is 14 to 33 months. The median time to response has ranged from 2 to 3 months in most studies, but this period depends in large part on the site of measurable disease. The median time to appearance of response is between 3 and 6 weeks in patients whose disease is primarily in the skin and lymph nodes, 6 to 9 weeks in patients with metastatic lung involvement, 15 weeks in patients with hepatic involvement, and nearly 18 weeks in patients with bone involvement. Thus it is often the case that an immediate response to therapy is not... 

Ishibashi S, Goldstein JL, Brown MS, Herz J, Bums DK. Massive xanthomatosis and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice. J Clin Invest 1994 93(5) 1885—1893. 

Feher MD, Webb JC, Patel DD, Lant AF, Mayne PD, Knight BL, et al. Cholesterol-lowering drug therapy in a patient with receptor-negative homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 1993 103 171-180. 

Chemotherapy is preferred to endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-negative tumors rapidly progressive lung, liver, or bone marrow involvement or failure of endocrine therapy. 

Boyan BD, Sylvia VL, Frambach T, Lohmann CE1, Died J, Dean DD, Schwartz Z (2003) Estrogen-dependent rapid activation of protein kinase C in estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells and estrogen receptor-negative E1CC38 cells is membrane-mediated and inhibited by tamoxifen. Endocrinology 144(5) 1812—1824... 

Mueck AO, Seeeger H, Wallwiener D (2003) Effect of statins combined with estradiol on proliferation of human receptor-positive and receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Menopause 10(4) 332—336... 

Bertrand S et al. The anticonvulsant, antihyperalgesic agent gabapentin is an agonist at brain gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptors negatively coupled to voltage-dependent calcium channels. J Pharmacol Exper Therap 2001 298 15-24. 

Usually ineffective in estrogen receptor negative patients and those unresponsive to prior tamoxifen... 

Yocca ED, Iben L, Meller E Lack of apparent receptor reserve at postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine lA receptors negatively coupled to adenyl cyclase activity in rat hippocampal membranes. Mol Pharmacol 41 1066-1072, 1992 Yoney TH, Pigott TA, L Heureux F, et al. Seasonal variation in obsessive-compulsive disorder preliminary experience with light treatment. Am J Psychiatry 148 1727-1729, 1991... 

Other authors showed that (R)a-methylhistamine, together with the inotropic and chronotropic adrenergic response from transmurally-stimulated atrial preparations, also inhibits the release of noradrenaline, thus providing direct evidence that histamine H3-receptors negatively modulate the cardiac sympathetic activity at a presynaptic site of action (Endou et al., 1994). In addition, it was demonstrated that (R)a-methylhistamine, at concentrations greater than 1 pM, produces further antiadrenergic activity by acting at inhibitory presynaptic a.2-adrenoceptors. This result is supported by the fact that yohimbine reverses this effect. 

Cherifi, Y., Pigeon, C., Le Romancer, M., Bado, A., Reyl-Desmars, F., Lewin, M.J.M., 1992. Purification of a histamine H3 receptor negatively coupled to phosphoinositide turnover in the human gastric cell line HGT1. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25315-25320. 

The unrelated controls in this study were healthy, normolipidemic male (R.W.) and female (L.W.) adults (58), and two newborns (H.S.F. and B.P.). Fibroblasts from the unrelated patients (GM 2000, M.C. GM 3040, D.S.), previously characterized in detail as receptor-negative FH homozygotes (6,59), were obtained from the cell repository, Camden, New Jersey, and from Dr. A.B. Khachadurian (59), respectively. 

Fibroblasts were classified as normal FH heterozygous or receptor negative FH homozygous following characterization according to the four biochemical assays described by Goldstein... 

Approximately 2.5 x 10 each of normal (B.P.) and FH receptor negative homozygous fibroblasts (T.B.) were seeded into roller bottles and grown as described above. 

Leighton, X., Srikantan, V., Pollard, H. B., Sukumar, S. and M. Srivastava, 2004, Significant allelic loss of ANX7region (10q21) in hormone receptor negative breast carcinomas. Cancer Lett. 210, 239-244. 

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