Equipment pipelines

When the pressure inside the equipment/pipeline is greater than the room pressure, this emission can be calculated using the equation suggested by Repin ... 

Rouge is a term used to describe the fine, almost powderlike corrosion material which develops on the inside walls of fuel system equipment. Pipelines, storage tanks, and transfer lines which have rust buildup and accumulation on the internal surfaces are continually releasing low levels of rouge or rust into fuel. 

Design Qualification (DQ) is the first validation element of a new facility system or equipment, where adherence to the user s specifications and to GMP rules is demonstrated. Installation Qualification (IQ) follows with the verification of adequacy of the area, installation of equipment pipelines, utilities, instrumentation, and conformity of the material used to the project specifications. At the Operational Qualification (OQ) phase, carried out after installation of all equipment, it is verified whether the system, when in operation, complies with the acceptance criteria defined in the validation plan. Once the OQ phase is successfully finalized it is possible to proceed with the calibration procedures, operation and cleaning, operator training, and preventive maintenance program. After IQ and OQ are concluded, it is time for the Performance Qualification (PQ), with the aim of verifying that what was designed, built, and operated results in a product that meets the expected specifications. Production and QC personnel are specially trained for these assessments. The tests can be done with the product of interest or a placebo, and are related to all operations, from raw material reception to product release (EC, 2001). 

Bridge, culvert, dam, road, parking area, storage area, railway track, railway traffic control equipment, subway or tunnel, electrical generating equipment, pipeline other than gas and oil building... 

The strategy should address the management of changes that may alter the risks associated with pressure systems equipment, pipelines, wells, structures, and/or maintenance and operating activities. The strategy should cover the following minimum areas ... 

A procedure used in the repair, maintenance, and service activities that involves welding on a piece of equipment (pipelines, vessels, or tanks) under pressure in order to install connections or appurtenances. It is commonly used to replace or add sections of pipeline without the interruption of service for air, gas, water, steam, and petrochemical distribution systems, but requires extensive safety precautions. 

Spatial limitations that may result in living quarters being installed near production equipment, pipeline/flow line risers, fuel storage tanks, or other major fuel sources... 

All equipment, pipelines and valves, operating under primary circuit pressure, are arranged in the protective shell. 

Only fully inspected and properly maintained equipment should be allowed on site. This applies to power shovels, concrete mixers, supply trucks, cranes, materials handling devices, power tools, and other construction equipment. Great care must be taken to avoid collisions of mobile equipment with production equipment, pipelines, power lines, staged materials, or other objects or hazards. Specific measures include the use of permit programs, warning signs, personnel training, site reviews, and careful supervision. 

HIPS are critical safety systems, essentially replacing pressure relief and/ or flare systems. These systems are used to provide overpressure protection and/or flare load mitigation for process equipment, pipelines, wellhead flowlines, gas manifolds, or other special purpose applications. Technically HIPS is a safety instrumented function that consists of a set of components, such as sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements (e.g., valves), arranged for the purpose of taking the process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are violated. The HIPS shall operate independently and be completely separate from the basic process control system (BPCS). 

Specific requirements for testing a machine, equipment, pipelines, or other sources of hazardous energy to determine and verify the effectiveness of lockout devices, tagout devices, and other energy control measures... 

Clear the machine, equipment, pipelines, or other sources of hazardous energy of tools and materials. 

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