Equipment cleaning monitoring

Other recent applications of FT-IR in pharmaceutical analysis include reaction monitoring by fiberoptic FT-IR/ATR spectroscopy140 and stability studies of pharmaceutical emulsions using FT-IR microscopy.141 A novel equipment cleaning verification procedure using grazing angle fiberoptic FT-IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy was described by Perston et al.142... 

Equipment Clean thoroughly Rinse with polar solvents and flush equipment thoroughly Azeotrope dry Monitor moisture before charging starting materials and reagents... 

Over a total period of operation the core sub-assembly cleaning system performance was sufficiently reliable. Like with the fuel handling system it is the mechanism position indication and control system that has mostly been a trouble contributor with an impact from the process control and monitoring system. The process configuration itself is unsatisfactory since the manifold of the steam-water cleaning cells is combined with the equipment cleaning system (large capacities, risk of overflows and leaks, etc...). 

Great care must be taken when making these measurements to ensure that all equipment is scrupulously clean and that the temperature of the fluids and equipment is monitored and constant. The interfacial tension should be calculated based on the average droplet size of a large nnmber of droplets. If repeatable measurements are not obtainable and suitable care has been taken in the performance of the experiment, it is possible that some form of contamination has occurred. 

Clean up all spillages immediately and check for pockets (e.g. in cracks and crevices) by monitoring Decontaminate equipment such as vacuum pumps and glassware prior to service/maintenance... 

At Site I, personnel and equipment decontamination procedures were not monitored for their effectiveness in accordance with HAZ-WOPER requirements. The Site I subcontractor did not have provisions for particulate sampling, evaluating exposure to pesticides and herbicides, or evaluating the effectiveness of site zone boundaries and personnel decontamination procedures. Additionally, monitoring had not been conducted to verify that decontamination was not necessary for employees who leave the exclusion zone and enter a clean zone without undergoing decontamination. 

M. L. Holcolm and R.C. Scholz, Evaluation of Air Cleaning and Monitoring Equipment Used in Recirculation Systems, Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIOSH, 1981, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-113. 

Categories for exhaust air (EHA) are also defined in prEN 13779. Normally the EHA category for air to be discharged outdoors is the same as ETA, but if the system includes reliable and monitored cleaning equipment, the category can be one lower. With these provisions, air from industrial processes with very high pollution level, in category ETA 4 can be cleaned to EHA 3 levels. 

Table 13.16 sets out the major waste disposal methods, and potential hazards from toxic waste deposition are indicated in Table 13.17. The range of precautions required at land tips depends upon the risk, e.g. the nature and degree of contamination and the work to be undertaken. It will, however, encompass personal protective equipment a high standard of personal hygiene enclosure, possibly pressurization, and regular cleaning of vehicle cabs vehicle washing facilities site security, and control of designated dirty areas. Air monitoring and medical surveillance may be required.

Filtered air may be used to purge a complete room, or it m be confined to a specific area and incorporate the principle of laminar flow, which permits operations to be carried out in a gentle current of sterile air. The direction of the airflow may be horizontal or vertical, depending upon the type of equipment being nsed, the type of operation and the material being handled. It is important that there is no obstruction between the air supply and the exposed product, since this may resnlt in the deflection of microorganisms or particulate matter fiom a non-sterile surface and canse contamination. Airflow gauges are essential to monitor that the correct flow rate is obtained in laminar flow units and in complete suites to ensure that a positive pressure fiom clean to less clean areas is always maintained. 

It will, however, encompass personal protective equipment a high standard of personal hygiene enclosure, possibly pressurization and regular cleaning of vehicle cabs vehicle washing facilities site security, and control of designated dirty areas. Air monitoring and medical surveillance may be required. 

Another variation of the preceding method is to apply HPLC to fractionate the cleaned-up aliphatic-aromatic fraction from flash colurim separation of soluble organic matter as it is performed in the Chevron laboratory, for example, as described in Reference 2. A Waters HPLC system equipped with a preparative Whatman Partisil 10 silica column (9.4 X 500 mm), a HPLC pump, and two detectors for separation monitoring (a UV and refractive index detector) are used, giving three fractions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, mono-, di-, and triaromatics and polar compounds. The hrst two fractions are eluted with hexane, whereas polar compounds are eluted with... 

Delineation of these three zones should be based on sampling and monitoring results and on an evaluation of the potential routes and amount of contaminant dispersion in the event of a release. Movement of personnel and equipment among these zones should be minimized and restricted to specific access control points to prevent cross-contamination from contaminated areas to clean areas. A decision for evaluating health and safety aspects of decontamination methods is presented in Figure 16.22.105... 

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