Operating permits

Operators that eommute with the Hamiltonian and with one another form a partieularly important elass beeause eaeh sueh operator permits eaeh of the energy eigenstates of the system to be labelled with a eorresponding quantum number. These operators are ealled symmetry operators. As will be seen later, they inelude angular momenta (e.g., L2,Lz, S, Sz, for atoms) and point group symmetries (e.g., planes and rotations about axes). Every operator that qualifies as a symmetry operator provides a quantum number with whieh the energy levels of the system ean be labeled. 

The regenerative nature of the Wulff operation permits the recovery of most of the sensible heat in the cracked gas. The gases leave the furnace at temperatures below 425°C, thus obviating the need for special high temperature alloys in the switch valve and piping system. 

Tide V of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 covers federally approved state operating permits for manufacturing faciUties. One requirement of this regulation is that manufacturers must report emissions information of identified ha2ardous air pollutants specific to thein operation from a list of 189 named in the Clean Air Act Amendments. Rubber and tine manufacturers had to meet this requirement by the end of 1995. The Rubber Manufacturers Association has begun an industrywide project to develop accurate and reliable emissions data to aid manufacturers to comply with these requinements (44). 

Initially, all major sources of air pollution are required to obtain an operating permit. However, any state permitting authority may extend the apphcability of the operating permit to minor sources as... 

The operating permit must outhne specifically how and when a source will be allowed to operate over the five-year term of the permit. The permit the state develops from an apphcation becomes the principal mechanism for enforcement of all air-quality regulations. As such, it is critically important to submit an apphcation that allows maximum operating nexibility. 

The Title V operating permit requires the submission of at least five types of reports ... 

An operational change because caustic concentration typically results when high-firing cycle operations permit departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) to occur... 

Type II Costs Indirect and hidden costs Reporting Monitoring Regulatory (e.g., operating permits and fees)... 

Title V requires that all major sources (and certain minor sources) obtain an operating permit. Many pulp and paper mills are required to have a Title V permit, and may be required to submit information about emissions control devices and the general process at the facility in the permit application. Permits may limit pollutant emissions and impose monitoring record keeping and reporting requirements. 

The primary advantage of fluidized bed reactors, however, is that they permit continuous, automatically controlled operations using reactant-catalyst systems that require catalyst regeneration at very frequent intervals. Fluidized bed operation permits one to easily add or remove the catalyst from the reactor or the regenerator. Regeneration can be accomplished by any convenient procedure, but the... 

The mass-selective instability mode of operation permits the selection and trapping of all ions created over a specified period with subsequent ejection to the detector.26 Ions with different m/z values can be confined within the ion trap and scanned singly by application of voltages that destabilize the orbits of the ions and eject them to the detector. Ion trap instruments interface readily with liquid chromatography, ESI,15 and MALDI.27 The motions of the ions and the dampening gas (e.g., helium) concentrate around the middle of the ion trap, thereby diminishing ion loss through collisions with electrodes. 

RD D stands for research, development, and demonstration. This is a special type of RCRA permit that allows testing of treatment units for development and demonstration purposes. These types of operations require a permit even though it is much less stringent and demanding than a full RCRA operating permit. 

Experimental and pilot scale work has been carried out on pressurised operation and plants have been operated up to 600 kN/m2, and in at least one case up to 1 MN/m2 pressure. High pressure operation permits the use of smaller beds. The fluidising velocity required to produce a given condition in the bed is largely independent of pressure,... 

State Operating Permit Program, Title V (Revised 8/29/94) Prevention of Significant Deterioration (new sonrces in attainment areas) and New Sonrce Review (new sonrces in nonattainment areas) LAER reqnirements (existing sonrce)... 

All facilities engaged in the treatment, storage, or disposal of hazardous wastes must be permitted by either EPA or an authorized state. Two types of such permits exist. Those facilities which were in existence prior to November 1980, received an interim permit which allows continued operation, under the provision of Part 265, until final administrative disposition of the owner s or operator permit application is made. 

Recommendation 2. The end state, end use, and stewardship issues pertaining to closure of any chemical agent disposal facility should be resolved early so that planning can proceed on an assured rather than an assumed basis. If possible, facility end uses should be included in the RCRA operating permit. If end use and end state cannot be defined early in the planning process, risk assessments and cost and schedule estimates for alternative end states and uses should be prepared. 

The CAA requires major stationary sources to install pollution control equipment and to meet specific emissions limitations. In addition, the 1990 CAA amendments required major stationary sources to obtain operating permits. Examples of stationary sources include manufacturers, processors, refiners, and utilities. 

Calibration inspection refers to comparison with a standard in accordance with certain statutory regulations by specially authorized personnel (Bureau of Standards). If the outcome of this regular inspection is positive, an operating permit for the next operation period (e.g. three years) is made visible for outsiders by means of a sticker or lead seal. If the outcome is negative, the instrument is withdrawn from operation. 

Operation permits for bioremediation can be issued rapidly, thus avoiding problems common to incinerator projects. 

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