Epoxy, amine terminated

Kortaberria, G., et al.. Curing of an Epoxy Resin Modified with Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Monitored by Simultaneous Dielectric/Near Infrared Spectroscopies. Europ. Polym, J., 2004.40 129-136. Mijovic, J., et al.. Interplay of Segmental and Normal Mode Dynamics in Polymer Networks Undergoing Chemical Cross-Linking. Epoxy/Amine-Terminated Linear and Stai PPO Eormnlations. Macmmolecules, 2003. 36 4589-4602. 

PDMS epoxy Amine terminated PDMS improved epoxy fracture toughness 148... 

Studies of the particle—epoxy interface and particle composition have been helphil in understanding the mbber-particle formation in epoxy resins (306). Based on extensive dynamic mechanical studies of epoxy resin cure, a mechanism was proposed for the development of a heterophase morphology in mbber-modifted epoxy resins (307). Other functionalized mbbers, such as amine-terminated butadiene—acrylonitrile copolymers (308) and -butyl acrylate—acryhc acid copolymers (309), have been used for toughening epoxy resins. 

Flexibilized epoxy resins are important structural adhesives [69]. Liquid functionally terminated nitrile rubbers are excellent flexibilizing agents for epoxy resins. This liquid nitrile rubber can be reacted into the epoxy matrix if it contains carboxylated terminated functionalities or by adding an amine terminated rubber. The main effects produced by addition of liquid nitrile rubber in epoxy formulations is the increase in T-peel strength and in low-temperature lap shear strength, without reducing the elevated temperature lap shear. 

Polyolefins with vinyl end groups can be readily transformed into end-functionalized polyolefins by post-polymerization functionalization to yield a wide variety of end-functionalized polyolefins, which include epoxy-, amine-, and hydroxy-terminated polyolefins. Brookhart, Gibson, and co-workers reported on diimine-pyridine-ligated Fe complexes incorporating sterically less hindered alkyl substituents such as a methyl group ortho to the imine-A s, F12-1, that selectively converted ethylene to oligomers, affording linear a-olefin mixtures (>99%) (see also Section... 

The chemical structures of important amines for curing epoxy resins in adhesive systems are identified in Fig. 5.1. Diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), ra-aminoethylpiperazine (AEP), diethylaminopropylamine (DEAPA), ra-phenylenediamine (MPDA), and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) are the most commonly used members of this class. They are all primary amines. They give room or elevated temperature cure at near stoichiometric ratios. Ethylenediamine is too reactive to be used in most practical adhesive formulations. Polyoxypropyleneamines (amine-terminated polypropylene glycols) impart superior flexibility and adhesion. 

Blocked isocyanate prepolymers have been mixed with epoxy resins and cured with amines.18,19 These blocked prepolymers will initially react with the amines to form amine-terminated prepolymers that crosslink the epoxy resin. Urethane amines are also offered commercially for use with epoxy resins to develop hybrid adhesive systems.20... 

Certain adhesive formulations have been developed by reaction of silicone polymers containing amine termination with epoxy resins. The resulting products exhibit good flexibility while still maintaining good chemical and thermal stability.27... 

Chemical functionalization of the thermoplastics was found to improve toughness without such detractions. High-molecular-weight resins based on amine-terminated PES oligomers or chain extension of bismaleimide resin with the same amine-terminated PES were found to have improved fracture resistance and reduced thermal shrinkage.14 Also a mechanism was found to toughen cyanate esters by incorporating epoxy resins, which can react with the ester.15... 

According to a report presented by Fu et al. [180], the influence of POSS-triol on epoxy-amine reaction depends mostly on the magnitude of AT (Tg -Tc) used. Since Tg for epoxy cured with linear aliphatic diamine—2-methyl-1,5-pentadiamine (MPDA)—was higher than the Tg of the same epoxy cured with diamine-terminated polypropylene oxide (PPO), when cured at the same temperature, epoxy-cured MPDA showed a greater improvement in the value of Tg. Moreover, the addition of POSS-triol in tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM) cured with MPDA also increased the rubbery plateau modulus (Fig. 6). 

Epoxy toughening additives initially were based on rubbery inclusions or functionalized oligomers (carboxy or amine terminated butadiene/ acrylonitrile copolymers). More recently, impact modifiers (core-shell type) similar to that commonly employed with PVC have been proposed. For composites, tougher epoxy matrix candidates... 

Later, in 1974, amine reactive versions of the liquid nitrile polymers (ATBN) were issued, thereby offering another way to introduce rubbery segments into a cured epoxy resin network. References are cited which provide detailed discussions of nitrile rubber, carboxylic nitrile rubber and both carboxyl- and amine-terminated nitrile liquid polymers (1-4). Table I illustrates CTBN and ATBN products structurally. Table II provides properties for typical solid carboxylic nitrile elastomers. 

To a lesser extent, amine-terminated polybutadiene/acrylo-nitrile (ATBN) liquids are also used by epoxy formulators. This polymeric disecondary amine is employed in admixture with amines, amldoamlnes or fatty polyamides of choice (10, 11). Thus, one admixes chemical and polymeric amines to create a novel toughening or flexibilizing hardener package. 

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