Ephedrine Theophylline

Propranolol P-adrenoceptor agonists, ephedrine, theophylline, thyroxine... 

Muittari A, Mattila MJ. Bronchodilator action of drug combinations in asthmatic patients. Ephedrine, theophylline and tranquilizing drugs. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1971 13(6) 374—385. 

Cohen BM. The cardiorespiratory effects of oral terbutaline and an ephedrine-theophylline-phenobarbital combination comparison in patients with chronic obstructive ventilatory disorders. Ann Allergy 1978 40(4) 233-239. 

This experiment describes the quantitative analysis of the asthma medication Quadrinal for the active ingredients theophylline, salicylic acid, phenobarbital, ephedrine HGl, and potassium iodide. Separations are carried out using a Gi8 column with a mobile phase of 19% v/v acetonitrile, 80% v/v water, and 1% acetic acid. A small amount of triethylamine (0.03% v/v) is included to ensure the elution of ephedrine HGl. A UV detector set to 254 nm is used to record the chromatogram. 

Additive sympathomimetic effects may develop when decongestants are administered with other sympathomimetic drug s (see Chap. 22). Use of the nasal decongestants with the MAOIs may cause hypertensive crisis. Use of a decongestant with beta-adrenergic blocking dragp may cause hypertension or bradycardia. When ephedrine is administered with theophylline, the patient is at increased risk for theophylline toxicity. 

Dilor-G Tablets—dyphylline, guaifenesin Dyflex-G Tablets—dyphylline, guaifenesin Glyceryl-T Liquid—theophylline, guaifenesin Hydrophed Tablets—theophylline, hydroxyzine, ephedrine sulfate... 

Marax Tablets—theophylline, hydroxyzine, ephedrine sulfate... 

Primatene Dual Action Tablets—theophylline, ephedrine, guaifenesin... 

Quadrinal Tablets—theophylline, theophylline calcium salicylate, ephedrine HC1, potassium iodide, phenobarbital... 

Agents that may increase theophylline levels include allopurinol, beta blockers (nonselective), calcium channel blockers, cimetidine, oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, disulfiram, ephedrine, influenza virus vaccine, interferon, macrolides, mexiletine, quinolones, thiabendazole, thyroid hormones, carbamazepine, isoniazid, and loop diuretics. 

Doxapram Nikethamide Pentylenetetrazol Strychnine Picrotoxin Bicuculline Amphetamine Methamphetamine Methylphenidate Pemoline Ephedrine Phentermine Fenfluramine Phenylpropanolamine Caffeine Theophylline Theobromine... 

Another important example is combination of theophylline and ephedrine as bronchodilator, combination of sulfonamides as antibacterial etc. 

Cardiovascular toxicity is also frequently encountered in poisoning. Hypotension may be due to depression of cardiac contractility hypovolemia resulting from vomiting, diarrhea, or fluid sequestration peripheral vascular collapse due to blockade of -adrenoceptor-mediated vascular tone or cardiac arrhythmias. Hypothermia or hyperthermia due to exposure as well as the temperature-dysregulating effects of many drugs can also produce hypotension. Lethal arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation can occur with overdoses of many cardioactive drugs such as ephedrine, amphetamines, cocaine, tricyclic antidepressants, digitalis, and theophylline. 

H. W. Schultz and C. Paveenbampen, Quantitative GLC analysis of theophylline, ephedrine hydrochloride and phenobarbital suspension, J. Pharm. Sci., 62 1995 (1973). 

INDIRECT THEOPHYLLINE t incidence of side-effects of theophylline (without a change in its serum concentrations) when co-administered with ephedrine Uncertain Warn patients to avoid OTC remedies containing ephedrine... 

Sympathomimetic syndromes include tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, sweating, mydriasis, hyperreflexia, agitation, delusions, paranoia, seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. These are commonly caused by amphetamine and its derivatives, cocaine, proprietary decongestants, e.g. ephedrine, and theophylline (in the latter case, excluding psychiatric effects). 

Slow erosion with initial fast release dose Tedral SA Theophylline, ephedrine, phenobarbital... 

Both positive and negative drug interactions have been reported with theophyUine. The usefulness of combination products has also been discussed (SEDA-6, 2) (SEDA-11, 7). The use of combinations compUcates the evaluation of adverse effects, particularly those of theophylline and ephedrine. The hkelihood of adverse effects of each component and synergistic effects between components must be evaluated in relation to the patient s clinical condition. A positive feature is the hkelihood of greater compliance with an effective combination product. 

Weinberger M, Bronsky E, Bensch GW, Bock GN, Yecies JJ. Interaction of ephedrine and theophylline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1975 17(5) 585—592. 

Elefant et al. were the first to use gas chromatography for the determination of theophylline in tablets that also contained other components (phenobarbital and ephedrine hydrochloride). One fine-ground tablet containing 130 mg theophylline was extracted with a chloroform-methanol (1 1) solution of the internal standard (4,4 -methylene-bis-(N,N-dimethylani-line) (0.6 mg/ml) and after centrifuging, the clear solution was injected into the gas chromatograph on a packed column with HI-EFF 8B 3 % on Gas Chrom Q at a column temperature of 250°C. Results of the assay are given in Table 20.7,... 

ASSAY OF INDIVIDUAL TABLETS CONTAINING THEOPHYLLINE, EPHEDRINE AND PHENOBARBITAL53 on a 3 it packed column of HI-EFF 8B on Gas Chrom Q at 250°C... 

Schultz and Paveenbampen determined theophylline in a suspension containing ephedrine and phenobarbital, using extraction, first of ephedrine at pH 11 with chloroform, and then theophylline and phenobarbital at pH 4.8 with the same solvent. Hexobarbital was used as an internal standard for the theophylline and phenobarbital determination. A recovery of 99.4 % and a coefficient of variation of 0.3 % was found for theophylline in a commercial suspension. 

Tetracycline Tablets (250 mg) Tetrazepam Tablets (50 mg) Theophylline + Ephedrine Tablets... 

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