Hypertension caused

Phentolamine (Regitine) is used for its vasodilating effect on peripheral blood vessels and therefore may be beneficial in the treatment of hypertension caused by... 

Hypertension caused by any of these conditions is referred to as secondary hypertension. Identification of a secondary cause of hypertension is often not initially pursued unless suggested by routine clinical and laboratory evaluation of the patient, or failure to achieve blood pressure control. 

Portal hypertension is a consequence of increased resistance to blood flow through the portal vein. Increased resistance is usually due to restructuring of intrahepatic tissue (sinusoidal damage) but may also be caused by presinusoidal damage such as portal vein occlusion from trauma, malignancy, or thrombosis. A third (and the least common) mechanism is outflow obstruction of the hepatic vein. This latter damage is posthepatic, and normal liver structure is maintained. This chapter will focus on portal hypertension caused by intrahepatic damage from cirrhosis. 

Staessen JA, Bulpitt CJ, Fagard R, et al. 1994b. Hypertension caused by low-level lead exposure ... 

Hypertensive. Causing or marking a rise in blood pressure. 

Corvol, P. (1995). Liddle s syndrome heritable human hypertension caused by mutations in the Beta subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. J. Endocrinol. Invest., 18(7), 592-594. 

Mune T, Rogerson FM, Nikkila H, Agarwal AK, White PC. Human hypertension caused by mutations in the kidney isozyme of 11 P-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Nature Genetics 10 1995 394-399. 

Delayed corneal epithelial wound healing, PSC, decreased resistance to infection, decreased tear lysozyme, eyelid and conjunctiva hyperemia/edema/angioneurotic edema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, translucent blue sclera, increased lOP, myopia, exophthalmos, intracranial hypertension causing papilledema, diplopia, EOM paresis and eyelid ptosis, retinal hemorrhages (secondary to injection), central serous choroidopathy, abnormal ERGA EP, retinal embolic phenomenon (injection). 

Alcohol is one of many drugs that cause or aggravate systemic hypertension. Acute alcohol exposure has an inconsistent effect on blood pressure, but cross-sectional population studies have shown a relation between chronic alcohol consumption and blood pressure, and the prevalence of hypertension up to three times higher in heavy drinkers (5). Although the mechanism of hypertension caused by chronic alcohol consumption is not known, it is suspected that it is partly related to repeated episodes of acute withdrawal, causing increased sympathoadrenomedullary activity, an increase in plasma renin activity, and increased ACTH secretion, which may be sufficient to have a mineralo-corticoid effect (6). 

Heuer L, Benoit W, Heydrich D, Kummer D, Schick J. Pulmonale Hypertonie dutch Appetitzugler (Mirapront). [Pulmonary hypertension caused by appetite suppressants (Mirapront).] Chir Praxis 1978 23 497. 

Blum M, Kirsten M, Worth MH Jr. Reversible hypertension. Caused by the hypercalcemia of hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D toxicity, and calcium infusion. JAMA 1977 237(3) 262-3. 

Essential hypertension Caused by conditions other than related to renal and endocrine disorders... 

Metyrosine (23, a-methyl-L-tyrosine), a norepinephrine biosynthesis inhibitor, is in limited clinical use to help control hypertensive episodes and other symptoms of catecholamine overproduction in patients with the rare adrenal tumor pheochromocytoma (10). Metyrosine, a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, inhibits the production of catecholamines by the tumor. Although metyrosine is useful in treating hypertension caused by excess catecholamine biosynthesis... 

The World War I chemical arsenal included cyanide. Other potential cyanide exposures in the twentieth century came from medicinal and industrial sources. Thiocyanate, a medicine in the early twentieth century prescribed for hypertension, caused severe psychosis (Barnett et al. 1951). Hamilton and Hardy (1974) reviewed two cases of chronic occupational exposure to cyanide that caused intellectual impairment in one case and nervousness in the other. 

P Blockers may be of some value in the treatment of patients undergoing withdrawal from alcohol or those with akathisia. Propranolol and nadolol are efficacious in the primary prevention of variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatic cirrhosis. 

Malignant hypertension Accelerated hypertension causing rapid damage to vessels in end organs a medical emergency... 

III. Clinical presentation. Manifestations of intoxication result from generalized sympathetic depression and include pupillary constriction, lethargy, coma, apnea, bradycardia, hypotension, and hypothermia. Paradoxic hypertension, caused by stimulation of peripheral alpha-1 receptors, may occur with clonidine, oxymetazoline, and tetrahydrozoline (and possibly guanabenz) and is usually transient. The onset of symptoms is usually within 30-60 minutes, although peak effects may occur more than 6-12 hours after ingestion. Full recovery is usual within 24 hours. In an unusual massive overdose, a 28-year-old man who accidentally ingested 100 mg of clonidine powder had a three-phase intoxication over 4 days initial hypertension, followed by hypotension, and then a withdrawal reaction with hypertension. 

B. Hypertension caused by alpha-adrenergic or generalized stimulant dmgs, unless co-administered with a vasodilator (eg, nitmpmsside or phentolamine). 

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