Beta-adrenergics

Beta adrenergic agonists also exert bronchodilating effects. These drugs are thus often used in conjunction with theophiline in asthma therapy. A drug that combines both moieties, reproterol (40), has interestingly proved... 

It has by now been reasonably well established that an ethanolamine function appropriately linked to an aromatic ring is a prerequisite for beta adrenergic activity and/or antagonism. Examples have been met above where those two moieties are attached directly as well as examples where the funetions are separated by an oxymethylene fragment. It has reeently been found that beta blocking activity is retained even when a earbonyl is inserted between the extra oxymethylene... 

Additive sympathomimetic effects may develop when decongestants are administered with other sympathomimetic drug s (see Chap. 22). Use of the nasal decongestants with the MAOIs may cause hypertensive crisis. Use of a decongestant with beta-adrenergic blocking dragp may cause hypertension or bradycardia. When ephedrine is administered with theophylline, the patient is at increased risk for theophylline toxicity. 

Class II antiarrhythmic drugs include beta (( -adrenergic blocking drugs, such as acebutolol (Sectral), esmolol (Brevibloc), and propranolol (Inderal). These drugp also decrease myocardial response to epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenergic neurohormones) because of their ability to block stimulation of p receptors of the... 

Hugget D, Brook B, Peterson B, Foran CM, Schlenk D (2002) Toxicity of selected beta adrenergic receptor-blocking pharmaceuticals (B-blockers) on aquatic organisms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43 229-235... 

Thus three lines of evidence define the rapidly dissociating receptor as the LR complex. Conditions known to uncouple R from G--first, guanine nucleotide and second, pertussis toxin—produce LR third, reconstitution of G protein restores receptor affinity, sensitivity to guanine nucleotide, and effector activation. In this sense, the ligand and binding behavior of this system is analogous to that of the beta-adrenergic receptor, where the LR and LRG complexes have already been studied with purified proteins and reconstituted membrane preparations (2,i0). 

Hnggett, D.B., Brooks, B.W., and Peterson, B. et al. (2002). Toxicity of select beta adrenergic receptor blocking pharmaceuticals (beta blockers) on aqnatic organisms. Archives Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41, 229-235. 

Carvediol is a vasodilator with beta-adrenergic antagonist activity. It has cardioprotective activity in animal models. The antioxidant effect of carvediol was compared with five other beta blockers in iron-initiated lipid peroxidation, where it inhibited TBARs formation and protected membrane-bound tocopherol in rat brain homogenate (Yue et al., 1992a). The ortJ <)-substituted phenoxylethyl-amine is responsible for the improved antioxidant activity. 

Inamura K. and Kashiwayanagi M. (2000a). Inhibition of fos-immunoreactivity in response to urinary pheromones by beta-adrenergic and serotonergic antagonists in the rat accessory olfactory bulb. Biol Pharm Bull 23, 1108-1110. 

The Beta-Adrenergic Receptors, edited by John P. Perkins,... 

It has been proposed that NO mediates the myocardial depression associated with sepsis (F6, L14). NO synthesis induced by endotoxin blunts beta-adrenergic responsiveness (B2). In vivo, the use of NO synthase inhibitors led to conflicting results (M26), with a general decreased cardiac output and oxygen delivery being observed. NO synthase inhibition improved left ventricular contractility in endo-toxemic pigs but also increased ventricular afterloads, which ultimately is detrimental to cardiac function (H20). Possible sources of NO in the heart may be the vascular cells, the endothelial cells, and the cardiac myocytes (P6). 

Howard MJ, Hughes RJ, Motulsky HJ, Mullen MD, Insel PA. Interactions of amiloride with alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors amiloride reveals an allosteric site on alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Mol Pharmacol 1987 32 53-58. 

---