Tranquillizing drugs

The degradation of diazepam, a tranquilizer drug, has also been assessed with Bjerkandera sp. Rl, B. adusta and P. chrysosporium [4] however, none of the WRF was able to completely degrade this compound, obtaining degradation yields between 39% and 57% after 14 days of incubation. 

Nelson v HeyneSbb F.Supp. 451,455 (N.D.Ind. 1972) [holding it is cruel and unusual punishment to inject juveniles in a correctional institute with tranquilizing drugs that can have significant side effects],... 

Tranquillizing drugs based on the phenothiazine nucleus potentiate the action of narcotic analgesics [157] although there are some reports to the contrary [158] and certain derivatives, notably methotrimeprazine (levomepromazine, Levo-prome, Veractil) (—)-(LV), are claimed to have intrinsic analgesic activity. In mice, (-)-(LV) is more potent than morphine in a variety of tests [159, 160] for example hot-plate EDso value of 1.02 mg/kg, that of morphine 2.1 mg/kg. 

A series of tranquilizers, drugs that relieve anxiety and nervous tension without impairing consciousness, have a benzene ring fused to a seven-membered ring containing two nitrogens. As a group they are called benzodiazepines. The two most successful are diazepam (Valium ) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium ) introduced in 1964 and 1960, respectively. Flurazepam (Dalmane ), first used in 1970, is a hypnotic. 

There are major consequences of alcoholism, from child abuse to domestic or public violence to traffic accidents and from cirrhosis to hypertension. Mean life expectancy of alcohol abusers is around 55 years. Alcohol seems involved in several hundred thousand deaths each year in Europe, with considerable added social and health care costs. This is in clear contrast with the little attention paid to the treatment of alcohol dependence and abuse. It is important to note that there is an increasing knowledge of similar effects on driving etc. from other psychoactive substances, particularly from the seda-tive/tranquillizer drugs and antihistamines. 

Phenoxathiins were intensely studied in order to obtain new antifungal, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiedema, antidiabetic, cholerethic, cytostatic, and tranquilizer drugs, or insecticides <1984CEIEC(3)943, 1996CEIEC-II(6)447>. 

Cytryn, L., Gilbert, A., and Eisenberg (1960) The effectiveness of tranquilizing drugs plus supportive psychotherapy in treating behavior disorders of children a double-blind study of eighty outpatients. Am J Orthopsychiatry 30 113-128. 

Szasz, I. Some observations on the use of tranquilizing drugs. Arch. Neurol. Psvchiatrv 77, 86-92, 1957. 

I can maximize my pleasure and minimize my pain through the usual routes of the senses as science progresses, I will be able to do it more effectively. Already, science has provided me with analgesic and tranquilizing drugs that can make it difficult for me to feel physical or emotional pain and some that can provide me with pleasure. These are certainly more direct... 

Similar differences leading to pyridinium salts or diazepines have been observed in the reaction of monocyclic pyrylium salts with hydrazine [82AHC(Suppl)]. Diazepine 175 (R1 = Me, R2 = Et, Ar = Ver) is known as the tranquillizer drug Tophizopame (Gideon Richter, Hungary). 

D.R. Hoffeld, J. McNev and R.L. Webster, Effect of tranquillizing drugs during pregnancy on activity of offspring, Nature, 218(5139) (1968) 357-358. 

D.R. Hoffeld, R.L. Webster and J. McNew, Adverse effects on offspring of tranquillizing drugs during pregnancy, Nature, 215 (1967) 357-358. 

Phenothiazines are tranquilizing drugs in wWch the basic structure consists of two benzene rings fused to a central six-membered ring containing a sulfur and a nitrogen. They are sometimes administered as the hydrochloride salt by quaternarization of the side chain nitrogen. 

The bioactivity of the frans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine 10 (tranylcypromine) which is also a potent inhibitor of MAO and an efficient, albeit dangerous tranquillizing drug, would result of a net two-electron oxidation process leading to the cyclopropyliminium ion 11, which then undergoes nucleophilic substitution by a thiol group of cysteine yielding 12, Eq. (5) [14]. 

Brill, H. Patton, R. E. 1957, Analysis of 1955-1956 population fall in New York State mental hospitals in first year of large-scale use of tranquilizing drugs, Am.J.Psychiatry, vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 509-517. 

Olds J, Killam KF, Bachy-Rita P (1956) Self-stimulation of the brain used as screening method for tranquilizing drugs. Science 124 265-266... 

The mechanism works well if we attack the chlorine position ortho to the nitro group with the anion of the thiol nucleophile as the negative charge can then be pushed into the nitro group. Satisfy yourself that you cannot do this if you attack the other chlorine position. This is a very practical reaction and is used in the manufacture of a tranquillizing drug. 

The 1,4-benzodiazepines have recently been the subject of an excellent exhaustive review204 and this section will be concerned only with the work reported since that review. The major impedus for the wealth of work in this area has been the tranquilizer drug chlor-diazepoxide (191). 

For some years the mitochondrial flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) was the target of selective inhibition in the development of tranquillizing drugs " One potent inhibitory class was that of cyclopropylamines of which tranylcypramine (164) (trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine) was a successful, albeit clinically dangerous and eventually unusable agent °. Tranylcypramine (164) and analogous cyclopropylamines turn out to... 

Neuroleptic Tranquilizing drugs used to treat psychoses a synonym is major trafiquilizer (Chapter 13). 

Muittari A, Mattila MJ. Bronchodilator action of drug combinations in asthmatic patients. Ephedrine, theophylline and tranquilizing drugs. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1971 13(6) 374—385. 

Further confirmation that the degree of distractibility is dependent on the fluctuation in amplitude of EPs in LL is provided by the results obtained with the tranquillizing drug chlorpromazine when only very small fluctuations in amplitude occurred with this drug under both soundproof and distractive conditions. 

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