EPA-Superfund site

Studies of sediment from seven sampling stations in the Upper Rockaway River, New Jersey, showed that sediment quality correspondent to the land-use data for the area (Smith et al. 1987). The two upstream stations, which drain primarily forested areas of the Upper Rockaway Basin, had low mirex concentrations in the sediments (<0.1pg/kg). The remaining stations, which drained an area consisting of residential, commercial, and industrial land including six EPA Superfund sites, had mirex concentrations ranging from 8.2 to 80 pg/kg (ppb) (Smith et al. 1987). 

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. In response to an EPA mandate in SARA, Ha2ardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) regulations were issued. These address emergency responders, training of those working at Superfund sites, and cleanup operations. 

Air/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study Series," Volume II "Estimation of Baseline Air Emission at Superfund Sites," EPA-450/l-89-002a, August 1990. Volume III "Estimation of Air Emissions from Clean-up Activities at Superfund Sites," EPA-450/1-89-003, January 1989. Volume IV "Procedures for Conducting Air Pathway Analyses for Superfund Applications," EPA-450/1-89-004, July 1989. 

This section provides an overview of the engineering technologies and applications that are currently applicable to the study and remediation of releases of hazardous wastes and constituents from RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) facilities and those sites which parallel Superfund sites. Activities which would be termed removal actions or expedited response actions under CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Recovery-Cleanup and Liability Act) are also covered in this section. Information presented in this section represent excerpts from document EPA/625/4-89/020 (September 1989). 

Exeept for the bolded seetions, the following information was taken direetly from a report entitled EPA/LABOR Superfund Elealth and Safety Taskforee OSHA Audits of Superfund Sites 1993 to 1996, dated August 25, 1997. The report is lengthy, so the authors have only ineluded parts of the report they felt to be pertinent to the subjeets within the main body of the book. 

U.S. EPA, Superfund—Cleaning Up the Nation s Hazardous Waste Sites, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2009, Available at http //www.epa.gov/superfund. 

Source U.S. EPA, Estimating Potential for Occurrence of DNAPL at Superfund Sites, EPA Publication 9355.4-07FS, U.S. EPA, Washington, January 1992. Many of these chemicals are found mixed with other chemicals or carrier oils. 

New Bedford Harbor area, an EPA-designated Superfund Site... 

EPA. 1996a. Bioavailability of lead in soil samples from the Jasper County, Missouri Superfund Site. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 8. Document Control No. 04800-030-0161. 

Despite the difficulties of evaluating the true extent of contamination, the latest estimations in Europe in 2006 set a number of 3.5 million potentially contaminated sites [23]. Of these, approximately 0.5 million were expected to require urgent treatment. The National Priorities List of the 2012 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified 1,305 superfund sites, which are defined as abandoned hazardous waste sites [24]. 

Unlike petroleum hydrocarbons, organic compounds in general followed a different evolutionary path. Chlorinated solvents are a common group of organic compounds, and are also the most frequently encountered contaminant in groundwater. Common industrial chemicals that are characterized as chlorinated solvents include trichloro-ethene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), tetrachloroethene (PCE) or perchloro-ethylene, chlorofluorocarbon (Freon)-113 (i.e., 1,1,2-trichloroethane or 1,2,2-tri-fluoroethane), and methylene chloride. In 1997, the EPA reported the presence of TCE and PCE in 852 of 945 groundwater supply systems throughout the United States and in 771 of 1420 Superfund sites. 

EPA. 1988a. Technological approaches to the cleanup of radiologically contaminated superfund sites. U.S. Environmental Protecton Agency. Office of Research and Development. Washington, DC. EPA 540/2-88-002. 

At the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) Perham Arsenic Superfund Site in Perham, Minnesota, a continuous-backwash filtration unit is used to treat groundwater contaminated with arsenic. In 1994, according to the EPA Record of Decision (ROD) at the site, the present worth costs of the remediation were 2,548,776. The annual operations and maintenance (O M) costs were projected to be 217,805 (D17114C, pp. 2-3). 

The Biothemi Process uses the patented C-G Process approach for drying and solvent extraction to separate oil-soluble contaminants from liquid, solid, or slurry wastes. The C-G Process has been used extensively over the last 30 years to dry and extract compounds from a variety of wet, oily solids (D105453, pp. 1, 23). The C-G Process has been evaluated on the demonstration level by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for treating petroleum-contaminated drilling mud from a Superfund site. 

Based on data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration, the total cost for PF extraction was estimated to be 307/kg of trichloroethene (TCE) removed. This demonstration was conducted over a 4-week period in August and September of 1992 at an industrial site in Somerville, New Jersey. The cost estimate includes expenses associated with both PF and soil vapor extraction. Major cost factors were labor (29%), capital equipment (22%), VOC emission control (19%), site preparation (11%), and residuals management (10%) (D10589F, p. v). 

According to a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) report, treatment costs for the BioGenesis soil washing technology are affected by the following factors ... 

In 1988, the CF Systems Pit Cleanup Unit (PCU) was demonstrated at the New Bedford Superfund Site in Massachusetts, under the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Superfund... 

D16888B, EPA (Record of Decision for Coast Wood Preserving Superfund site), September 1989... 

IM-TECH s solidification/stabilization process was evaluated in the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration program in 1987. The current status and commercial availability of the technology is unknown. 

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