Technological approach

In the technological approach, qualitative and quantitative inforraatioii on emissions released by various production and work processes, as well as data on control technology performance, are required in order to specify the air quality target levels that are technically and economically feasible. The approach is based on information on current concentration levels that are achieved by different control technologies, ranging from standard practices to the most advanced technology options (Fig. 6.7). 

Some of the most important technological approaches to bioprocess problems are shown in Figure 25. 

Combinations of different technological approaches are, of course, possible. Several methods have not been mentioned in this chapter, but you will encounter these in a specific context elsewhere in the text. 

In addition to the mainstream of element formation, several nontraditional technological approaches were carried out for the formation of elements with nanometer sizes and their utilization for construction of single-electron elements (WiUdns et al. 1989, Shonen-berger et al. 1992a, Dorogi et al. 1995, Erokhin et al. 1995a). 

There exist essentially three categories of SCX/RP/MS/MS approaches. In one approach, SCX is run off-line followed by on-line RP/MS/MS (Fig. 11.1). In the offline SCX approach, fractions do not directly elute onto RP material but rather are collected. In one of the two in-line approaches, SCX is run in line with RP/MS/MS using different columns for SCX and RP (Fig. 11.2). In the multidimensional protein identification technology approach (MudPIT), SCX and RP are run in line in the same column, and this column serves as the ion source for a tandem mass spectrometer (Fig. 11.3). Both the in-line approaches are true SCX/RP/MS/MS approaches the first approach could be abbreviated as SCX—RP/MS/MS where... 

Serizawa, N., Hosobuchi, M. and Yoshikawa, H. (1997) Biochemical and fermentation technological approaches to production of pravastastin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in Biotechnology of Antibiotics, 2nd edn (ed. W.R. Strohl), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 779-805. 

Most industrial hydrogen is manufactured by the following hydrocarbon-based oxidative processes steam reforming of light hydrocarbons (e.g., NG and naphtha), POx of heavy oil fractions, and ATR. Each of these technological approaches has numerous modifications depending on the type of feedstock, reactor design, heat input options, by-product treatment,... 

Technology Approaches to Palladium-Based Hydrogen Detection and Sensing... 

The relevant shares in the cost calculations change when microprocess technology approaches large-scale chemical production (U. Krtschil et al., unpublished data). Reactor fabrication at a competitive cost becomes crucial and is among the main cost drivers. The corresponding costs here go with the overall size of the microstructured reactor and with its number. 

Green, S. R. and Dorrler, R. C., 1996, Four Bullets Shoot Down Costs Combined Technology Approach Cleans Up Faster and Cheaper than Pump-and-Treat Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, March. 

The approval of fhese immunotoxin conjugates demonstrates rather remarkably how this truly targeted technological approach has already shown it can work in at least two clinical situations. 

A.S. El-Hagrasy, F.D Amico and J.K. Drennen III, A process analytical technology approach to near-infrared process control of pharmaceutical powder blending. Part I D-optimal design for characterization of powder mixing and preliminary spectral data evaluation, J. Pharm. Sci, 95(2), 392 06 (2006). 

M. Blanco, M. Alcala, J.M. Gonzalez and E. Torras, A process analytical technology approach based on near infrared spectroscopy tablet hardness, content uniformity, and dissolution test measurements of intact tablets, J. Pharm. Sci, 95, 2137-2144 (2006). 

MesoScale Discovery (MSD) succeeded in introducing product with a similar technology approach based upon ruthenium redox-mediated electrochemical detection (Figure 2.14). MSD is a joint venture of its parent company, MesoScale, and IGEN, a company that pioneered much of fhe work on electrochemical detechon based on the ruthenium redox system. MSD s Multi-Spot plates contain antibodies immobilized on multiple working electrode pads within each well, allowing each spot within the well to serve as an individual assay. Multiplexed cytokine immxmoassays can be performed in 96-well (4,7, or 10 spots per well) patterns with detection limits of 1 to 10 pg/mL and a linear dynamic range up to 3,000 pg/mL. Both 24-and 384-well electrode systems are available. 

EPA. 1988a. Technological approaches to the cleanup of radiologically contaminated superfund sites. U.S. Environmental Protecton Agency. Office of Research and Development. Washington, DC. EPA 540/2-88-002. 

Reduction of NO in FCC wet scrubbing units has been achieved by applying an ozone injection technology called LoTO. LoTO is a technology approach sold by Belco Technologies Corporation (BELCO) under license from BOC. The injected... 

Identify and promote the implementation of effective non-technological approaches to pollution prevention. This research area includes socioeconomic and institutional factors that motivate behavior and foster changes in behavior as they relate to incentives for adopting pollution prevention techniques. Research is needed to understand the roles of non-technological factors in implementing pollution prevention approaches and their impact on the effectiveness of pollution prevention programs. 

Brandi, M. 2001. Liposomes as drug carriers A technological approach. Biotechnol Annu Rev 7 59. 

---