1.1.2- Trichloro-ethene

After growth in a medium containing suitable reductants such as glucose, a strain of Enterobacter agglomerans was able to reduce tetrachloroethene successively to trichloro-ethene and cis-, 2- dichloroethene (Sharma and McCarty 1996). 

Unlike petroleum hydrocarbons, organic compounds in general followed a different evolutionary path. Chlorinated solvents are a common group of organic compounds, and are also the most frequently encountered contaminant in groundwater. Common industrial chemicals that are characterized as chlorinated solvents include trichloro-ethene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), tetrachloroethene (PCE) or perchloro-ethylene, chlorofluorocarbon (Freon)-113 (i.e., 1,1,2-trichloroethane or 1,2,2-tri-fluoroethane), and methylene chloride. In 1997, the EPA reported the presence of TCE and PCE in 852 of 945 groundwater supply systems throughout the United States and in 771 of 1420 Superfund sites. 

In our second example we consider the reduction of chlorinated ethenes including the prominent solvents tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene, PCE) and trichloro-ethene (TCE). An overview of the hypothesized reaction sequence for reduction of these compounds by zero-valent iron (Fe(0) has been constructed (Fig. 14.15 Arnold and Roberts, 2000). Identical or very similar reaction schemes have been... 

Other research in tire area of addition reactions onto unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds has included measurement of the rate coefficients for tire addition of NO3 to chloro- and trichloro-ethene,147 relative rate measurement for N03 addition to isoprene,148 TF-/(SR-measured muonium addition to vinyl aromatics12 and EPR studied addition of radical (65) to alkenes.150 In this latter study a linear dependence of the rate constant of addition with tire donor/acceptor properties of the alkene partner was highlighted. 

Ethene, l,2-Dichlorot Ethene, trichloro-Ethene, tetrachloro- (perchloro ethylene)... 

Another inverse analytical technique was developed by Ala and Domenico [1] to determine parameters such as the source strength and size, and the advective position of the contaminant front for the instantaneous contaminant plumes at Otis Air Force Base (AFB), Massachusetts. The contaminant plumes contained chloride, biodegradable and nonbiodegradable detergents, trichloro-ethene, and tetrachloroethene. To obtain the uniquely determined parameters, Ala and Domenico structured the analytical technique to solve several equations simultaneously. By assuming a uniform vertical contaminant distribution, the steady state analytical solution becomes... 

The impact of deposition on global distribution has been noted for the CFC replacements hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), the chlorinated solvents tetrachloroethene (PCE), and trichloro-ethene (TCE), as these compounds undergo gas phase oxidation and photochemical degradation, resulting in the formation of carbonyl halides (e.g., CCI2O) and haloacetyl halides (e.g., bromo-, chloro-, and fluoroacetates). As these compounds are polar and water soluble, they are transported via aerosols, rain, and fog, which impacts their tropospheric lifetime and depositional fluxes (Rompp et al., 2001 de Bmyn et al., 1995). It is not clear whether and to what extent there is evidence of latitudinal fractionation of these compounds. 

Potassium trichloro(ethene)platinate(l-) K[Pt(C2H4)Cl3] (Zeise s salt) 70... 

The induction of the monooxygenases for the degradation of trichloro-ethene by aromatic substrates, and vice versa, has already been discussed (Sections 4.4.1.1 and 4.5.2). 

Although toluene degradation in pseudomonads may be induced by growth with the substrate or closely related aromatic compounds, it may also be induced by exposure to apparently unrelated substrates (1) by trichloro-ethene in a strain of P. putida (Heald and Jenkins 1994) and (2) in P. mendocina strain KR1 by trichloroethene, pentane, and hexane, although not in Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia, or P putida strain FI (McClay et al. 1995). 

Dilithioethyne used for a synthesis of bis(pinacolato)ethyne is generated from trichloro-ethene with BuLi. The boronate has many synthetic applications. ... 

Structural study of benzene, tetrachloroethene and trichloro-ethene sorbed phases in silicalite-1... 

Trichloro-ethene. meta xylene. . . tetrachloro-ethane... 

Twelve different chemicals are commonly referred to as POPs, including aldrin, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloro-ethene (DDT), dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and toxaphene. Other POP chemicals are considered carcinogenic and include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated flame retardants, as well as some organometallic compounds such as trib-utyltin. 

Potassium trichloro(ethene)platinate(II), also known as Zeise s salt, has the formula K[PtCl3(C2H4)]H20 and contains rj -ethylene ligand. The compound is a yeUow-coloured coordination complex that is stable in air. The platinum atom has a square planar geometry. While reacting K2PtCl4 with ethanol in 1827, a Danish chemist Zeise synthesized this metal olefin complex containing a platinum-bound ethylene moiety, which incidentally represented the first metal—olefin complex. 

F. Parsons, P.R. Wood, J. DeMarco, Transformations of tetrachloroethene and trichloro-ethene in microcosms and groundwater, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 76 (1984) 56-59. 

PtCl3KC2H4, Platinate(IIX trichloro-(ethene)-, potassium, 28 349 PtCl4N4C4H,, Platinum(IV),... 

Particularly the chlorinated compounds have enjoyed range of applications vinyl chloride (chloro-ethene) as monomer for the production of PVC, tetra- and trichloroethenes as solvents for degreasing, and the insecticides l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (benzene hexachloride). The biodegradation of fluorinated aliphatic compounds is generally different from the outlines that have emerged from investigations on their chlorinated, brominated, and even iodinated analogues. They are therefore treated separately in Part 4 of this chapter. 

More general cases are encountered in the metabolism of a variety of ha-log enated hydrocarbon solvents and insecticides [58]. Examples include the dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to trichloroethylene in the mouse, and of DDT (l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) to DDE (l,l-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene) [58][77]. Glutathione transferases may be involved in some of these reactions. 

Ethene Fluoro-trichloro- ElOa. 8 (History) E10b 312/324, 678 (Educt) EI0bz, 287f. (F,C = CCl or C1F=CFC1 Kat.)... 

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