Environmental pollution history

F.-J. Brueggemeier. The Ruhr Basin 1850-1980 A Case of Large-Scale Environmental Pollution. In The Silent Countdown Essays in European Environmental History. Peter Brimblecombe and Christian Pfister, eds. Berlin Springer-Verlag, 19 (1990) 210-227. 

Peculiar industrial history and the geographic position of Karabash as a town of rather isolated local industry within the industrially saturated Urals region have made it an object of intensive ecological investigation in the framework of the international project The Assessment of Priorities for Middle Urals Environmental Pollution Prevention . The project was carried our under the aegis of the International Scientific and Technological Center (ISTC). One of the tasks of this project was to find out quantitative indicators of chemical impact of the local industry on the environment. 

Garbe-Schonberg, C. D., Reimann, C., and Pavlov, V. A. (1997). Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of tree-ring profiles in pine and birch from N Norway and NW Russia -a reliable record of the pollution history of the area Environmental Geology 32 9 16. 

This book emphasizes in-depth presentation of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends for the process industry, and in-depth presentation of methodologies, technologies, alternatives, regional effects, and global effects of important pollution control practices that may be applied to the industry. This book covers new subjects as much as possible. 

Look at your list, and select two topics that interest you the most. For example, maybe you are a history buff and you have chosen President John F. Kennedy as a potential topic, and your other area is environmental pollution, a concern that you also would like to investigate. 

Sunderland EM, Chmura GL (2000) The history of mercury emissions from fuel combustion in Maritime Canada. Environmental Pollution 110 297-306... 

Environmental pollution has played a critical role in human lives since the early history of the nomadic tribes. During the last millennium industrial revolution, increased population growth, and urbanization have been the major determinants in shaping our environmental quality. 

Goldberg, E.D., Griffin, J.J, Hodge, V, Koide, M. Windom, H. (1979) Pollution history of the Savannah River Estuary. Environmental Science and Technology 3, 588-94. 

Two different pollution histories with different maximum emisson were discriminated. A common contamination as reflected by heavy metals, PACs, LABs, PCBs was detected in the time range between 1947 and 1955. In contrast more modem contaminants, e.g. selected organochlorine compounds, butyl tin compounds, methyltriclosan as well as tris(chloropropyl)phosphates (TCPP) appear only in the time period since 1970. Hence, these concentration profiles reflect in case of environmental stability the emission of the contaminants to the corresponding riverine system. In summary, the study revealed a comprehensive reconstruction of the pollution histoiy of the Lippe river system. 

The selection of a lining material is most Important. Leaks cause loss of brine, loss of heat, loss of insulation, and are potential environmental pollutants. The well documented history of the use of chlorosulfonated polyethylene for long term outdoor storage of saturated brine solutions makes it an excellent candidate. 

Sutton, M. A., J. W. Erisman, F. Dentener and D. Moller (2008) Ammonia in the environment From ancient times to the present. Environmental Pollution 156, 583-604 Svehla, G. (1993) Nomenclature of kinetic methods of analysis (lUPAC Recommendations 1993). Pure and Applied Chemistry 65, 2291-2298 Symonds, R. B., W. I. Rose and M. FI. Reed (1988) Contribution of Cl- and F-bearing gases to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Nature 334, 415-418 Symonds, R. B., W. I. Rose, G. Bluth and T. M. Gerlach (1994) Volcanic gas studies methods, results, and applications. In Volatiles in magmas Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy (Eds. M. R. Carroll and J. R. Holloway) pp. 1-66 Szabadvary, F. (1966) History of analytical chemistry. Pergamon, Oxford. 419 pp. 

Sensitisation may be produced by non-occupational environmental exposure. For example, three subjects were shown to be TDI sensitive by the simulated occupational test, where the causal exposure was from the exhaust fumes from an adjoining factory which had been sucked into the ventilating system of their warehouse. TDI was found in the air filters (Carroll et al. 1976). Sensitisation at home by two-can do it yourself polyurethane-TDI foam aerosol cans (Peters and Murphy 1971) and other forms of domestic exposure have been reported. Patients of this sort would, in the absence of histories of sensitivity or reactions to the common allergens, and the adult (late) onset of their asthma, be classified as having cryptogenic (intrinsic) asthma. The extent to which sensitivity of this sort to chemical environmental pollutants may be responsible for some cases of cryptogenic asthma will obviously need to be determined. 

Electrochemical instrumentation has seen tremendous developments during its 200-year history. These advances have been fuelled in part by the involvement of electrochemical technology in some of the key problem areas of society, including public health, energy generation and conservation and environmental pollution. 

Yang and co-workers investigated Ag by means of MC-ICP-MS and observed significant variations in environmental samples and in commercially available products, proving that it may be possible to fingerprint sources of Ag in the environment [82, 83]. In a similar way, isotopic data may permit the pollution history of Hg [84, 92], Cd [85], Zn [86-88, 93], and Cu [88] to be traced. 

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