Potential Topics

The goal is for each group to familiarize itself with a specific topic and then demonstrate to the class the potential applications in commercial products or new products under development. 

Analyze the composition and study the function of different coatings/peels in fruits and horticultural products. 

Understand honeycomb constmction and perform some mathematical calculations (geometry) and compare different alternatives for constructing honeycombs. 

Show graphically and schematically how woodpeckers resist head impacts. 

Describe and analyze different types of camouflage used by different animals. 

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Case Report—Describes a single individual with a particular disease or exposure. These may suggest some potential topics for scientific research but are not actual research studies. 

Look at your list, and select two topics that interest you the most. For example, maybe you are a history buff and you have chosen President John F. Kennedy as a potential topic, and your other area is environmental pollution, a concern that you also would like to investigate. 

This area is extremely rich with potential topics, each of which would require a separate paper to review in depth. The reader should be aware that, because of page limitations, this paper can cover only one of my favorite topics, analysis, in any depth. To provide perspective, computer technology will also be examined because of its enormous impact on process engineering. 

Let us discuss the education aspect of the global water cycle in two steps first the extended list of potential topics, and then how these topics can be integrated into water and man science museums (section 18.4.2), local exhibitions (section 18.4.3), teaching at schools (section 18.4.4), and teaching at universities (section 14.4.5). The topics are by and large elucidated in the present book. 

A number of substances have been identified that have either a specific virucidal effect on HIV or prevent infection of cells in vitro. The virucidal activity of potential topical agents can be assessed against cell-free and cell-associated virus using these assay systems. They allow the measurement of precise contact times between the HIV and virucides, enable the protective effect of preparations to be examined, and allow removal of the virucide from the system prior to assessment of cell viability. 

Finally, cell culture studies are often used to assess direct cutaneous toxicity to skin cells such as keratinocytes. As discussed above, this can be used to define if a potential topical chemical that penetrates the skin can cause epidermal cell dysfunction. However, systemically administered chemicals can also distribute to skin and modify keratinocytes cell function. Damage to skin, especially if the mechanism of action is immunological, does not require topical exposure. 

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