Environmental control/power equipment

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One may conclude this section by stating that the new environmental controlled, rapid cyclic oxidation test facility can test to the ASTM standard for cycles controlled by power to the wire, or ribbon samples and that, within available data, the new equipment produces comparable results to those published previously in the literature. 

PEFC) stacks, components and entire systems, in off-grid, and grid-connected configurations, with a capacity of up to 100 kW electrical power output. The facility consists of an automated and computerised fuel cell test station, gas analysers, a multi-axial vibration system which is housed in a walk-in environmental chamber (for controlling temperatures, humidity, shocks and vibrations) and ancillary equipment. The data obtained are complementary to and validate fuel cell simulations and models with reference to operation modes, components and system characteristics 1 ... 

In situ measurements of the emission and absorption characteristics of the atmosphere always lag behind theoretical developments and laboratory studies. This is primarily attributable to equipment limitations. The laboratory environment is basically friendly, and there, experimenters are not usually faced with limitations of equipment weight, size, and power, and there is no necessity to design to meet adverse environmental conditions. This is not the case when field measurements are undertaken. In the field the elements mentioned above must be considered and solutions provided in order to conduct successful measurement programs. This paper provides a brief synopsis of developments in IR spectroscopy, compares basic system components, and discusses some of our recent efforts to extend measurements techniques, which are now common under controlled laboratory conditions, to the more difficult situation of actual atmospheric measurements. He have not presented a detailed study of a specific single example. Rather, we chose to discuss two typical field instruments and highlight the development of the components of these instruments that ultimately allowed successful system deployment. 

Environmental Factors These include (1) equipment location, (2) available space, (3) ambient conditions, (4) availability of adequate utilities (i.e., power, water, etc.) and ancillary-system facilities (i.e., waste treatment and disposal, etc.), (5) maximum allowable emission (air pollution codes), (6) aesthetic considerations (i.e., visible steam or water-vapor plume, etc.), (7) contributions of the air-pollution-control system to wastewater and land pollution, and (8) contribution of the air-pollution-control system to plant noise levels. 

The job of designing power generation equipment usually falls to mechanical engineers, but the analysis of combustion reactions and reactors and the abatement and control of environmental pollution caused by combustion products like CO, CO2, and SO2 are problems with which chemical engineers are heavily involved. In Chapter 14, for example, we present a case study involving the generation of electricity from the combustion of coal and removal of SO2 (a pollutant) from combustion products. 

The challenge is great, the time is short. Achievement of the ambient air quality objectives by the electric power industry in that short a period of time will require the utmost eflFort on the part of suppliers of low sulfur fuels and manufacturers of sulfur-emission control equipment, dedication on the part of the electric power industry, a great deal of investment capital, and the cooperative spirit of environmental groups and the public. 

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