Enhancer interleukin

Ohshima Y, Yang LP, Uchiyama T, Tanaka Y, Baum P, Sergerie M, Hermann P, Delespesse G 0X40 costimulation enhances interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression at priming and promotes the differentiation of naive human CD4i- T cells into high IL-4-producing effectors. Blood 1998 92 3338-3345. 

Vannier E, Dinarello CA Histamine enhances interleukin (IL)-l-induced IL-1 gene expression and protein synthesis via Hj receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Comparison with IL-1 receptor antagonist. J Clin Invest 1993 92 281-287. 

Ikebuchi K, Clark SC, Ihle JN et al. Granuloc 4e colony-stimulating factor enhances interleukin 3 dependent proliferation of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors. Proc Natl AcadSciUSA. 1988 85 3445 3449. 

Gounni AS, Gregory B, Nutku E, Aris F, Latifa K, Minshall E, North J, Tavernier J, Levit R, Nicolaides N, Rohinson D, Hamid Q. Interleukin-9 enhances interleukin-5 receptor expression, differentiation, and survival of human eosinophils. Blood 2000 96 2163. 

Peng X, Mosser DM, Adler MW, Rogers TJ, Meissler Jr JJ, Eisenstein TK (2000) Morphine enhances interleukin-12 and the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 68 723-728. 

Rep MH, Hintzen RQ, Polman CH, van Lier RA. Recombinant interferon-p blocks proliferation but enhances interleukin-10 secretion by activated human T-cells. J Neurolmmuno 1996 67 111-8. 

Tabraue, C., Penate, R.D., Gallardo, G., Hernandez, I., Quintana, J., Blanco, F.L., Reyes, J.G., Fanjul, L.F., and Ruiz De Galarreta, C.M. (1997). Induction of guanosine triphosphate-cyclohydrolase by follicle-stimulating hormone enhances interleukin-1 P-stimulated nitric oxide synthase activity in granulosa cells. Endocrinology 738 162-168. 

Rajgopal R, Butcher M, Weitz JI, Shaughnessy SG. Heparin synergistically enhances interleukin-11 signaling through up-regulation of the MARK pathway. J Biol Chem 2006 281 20780-20787. 

Zhang Y, Broser M, Cohen H, Bodkin M, Law K, Reibman J, Rom WN. Enhanced interleukin-8 release and gene expression in macrophages after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its components. J Clin Invest 1995 95 586-592. 

Oghiso Y, Kubota Y (1986) Enhanced interleukin 1 production by alveolar macrophages and increase in la-positive lung cells in silica-exposed rats. Microbiol Immunol 30 1189-1198 Ostlere LS, Harris D, Buckley C, Black C, Rustin MH (1992) Atypical systemic sclerosis following exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. A case report and review of the cutaneous aspects of vinyl chloride disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 17 208-210... 

This drug also is reported to activate macrophages, to iaduce polyclonal B-ceU activation as well as enhance specific antibody production m vivo, and to iaduce the synthesis of iaterferon and interleukin 1 (52). The iaduction of these important cytokiaes (and others) largely accounts for the profile of biological activity displayed by the pyrimidinones. Bropirimine is currentiy ia clinical evaluation for cancer, arthritis, and immunorestoration ia AIDS patients. 

Agents which enhance the host s response against neoplasias or force them to differentiate are termed biological response modifiers. Examples include interleukin 2 which is used to treat renal cell carcinoma, interferon a which is active against hematologic neoplasias, and tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) which is a powerful inducer of differentiation in certain leukemia cells by acting on retinoid receptors. Side effects include influenza like symptoms, changes in blood pressure and edema. 

Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (Fig. 2) Humanized monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies (Infliximab (Remicade ), Adalimumab (Humira )) bind with high selectivity to human TNF-a and neutralize its activity. Thereby, infliximab decreases the effects of enhanced TNF levels during inflammatory disease such as production of proteases, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase products (prostaglandins), and proinflammatory molecules such as interleukin-1 and -6. The antibodies may also recognize membrane-bound TNF-a on lymphocytes and other immune cells. These cells may subsequently become apoptotic or are eliminated via Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis. 

There is an enhanced frequency of RCM-related side effects in interleukin-2-treated patients, which is indicative of a T-cell-mediated pathology. Interleukin-2 has... 

Fever is the most common manifestation. The thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus regulates body temperature and this can be affected by endotoxins (heat-stable lipopolysaccharides) of Gram-negative bacteria and also by a monokine secreted by monocytes and macrophages called interleukin-1 (IL-1) which is also termed endogenous pyrogen. Antibody production and T-cell proliferation have been shown to be enhanced at elevated body temperatures and thus are beneficial effects of fever. 

Yamashita reported anti-inflammatory effect of astaxanthin when administered with aspirin. An oral preparation has been developed by Alejung and Wadstroem for the treatment of Helicobacter infections of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Strong evidence suggested that astaxanthin modulated the humoral and non-humoral immune systems. It enhanced the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-... 

The production of a female-influencing secretion from the chin gland of male Plethodontid salamander (P. jordani) points to a similar extension of function by the acquisition of female olfactory sensitivity to an intercellular signal protein. Female receptivity is enhanced by a male cytokine-like compound of the interleukin-6 family, in its released form. Rollman et al. (1999) note that pheromonal activity is a previously unrecognised function for cytokines. 

Koch AE, Kunkel SL, Pearce WH, et al. Enhanced production of the chemotactic cytokines interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Pathol 1993 142(5) 1423—1431. 

Kitasato Y, Hoshino T, Okamoto M, et al. Enhanced expression of interleukin-18 and its receptor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol... 

The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is important in that the cytokine IL-2, secreted by a subset of T-helper cells, enhances the proliferation of activated T and B cells and increases the cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and the secretion of IgG. 

Baker, F. C., Shah, S., Stewart, D. et al. (2005b). Interleukin 10 enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep and increases c-Fos expression in the median preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Am. J. Physiol. Regul Integr. Comp. Physiol. 288, R998-1005. 

Recombinant tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 enhance slow-wave sleep. Am. J. Physiol. 253, R142-9. 

Celia, M., Scheidegger, D., Plamer-Lehmann, K., Lane, P., Lanzavecchia, A. and Alber, G. (1996) Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity T-T help via APC activation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 184, 747—752. 

Conrod, D.H., Ben-Sassort, S.Z., Le Gros, G., Finkelman, F.D. and Paul, W.E. (1990) Injection with anti-IgD antibodies markedly enhances Fc receptor mediated interleukin 4 production by non B, non T cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 171,1497-1508. 

Dent, L.A., Daly, C.M., Mayrhofer, G., Zimmerman, T., Hallett, A., Bignold, L.P., Creaney, J. and Parsons, J.C. (1999) Interleukin-5 transgenic mice show enhanced resistance to primary infections with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis but not primary infections with Toxocara cams. Infection and Immunity 67, 989-993. 

Faulkner H.F., Renauld, J.C., Van Snick, J. and Grencis, R.K (1998) Interleukin-9 enhances resistance to the intestinal nematode Trichuris muris. Infection and Immunity 66, 3832-3840. 

Lugli, S.M., Feng, N., Heim, M.H., Adam, M., Schnyder, B., Etter, H., Yamage, M., Eugster, H.P., Lutz, R.A., Zurawski, G. and Moser, R. (1997) Tumor necrosis factor alpha enhances the expression of the interleukin (IL)M receptor alpha-chain on endothelial cells increasing IL-4 or IL-13-induced Stat6 activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 5487-5494. 

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