Emergency situations

Telecommunications systems will include internal communications within the platforms (telephone, radio, walkie-talkie, air-ground-air, navigation, public address) and external systems (telephone, telex, fax, telemetry, VFIF radio, and possibly satellite links). These systems are designed to handle the day-to-day communications as well as emergency situations. 

Obtained results allow to conclude that the dynamic indentation method can be applied to periodical express evaluation of polymeric material state being exposured to the radiation or temperature aging on purpose to early diagnostic of products to avoid emergency situations. 

On Russia territory there are about 100 thousands of dangerous enterprises and objects, comprising about 1500 nuclear facilities and 3000 chemical and biological extremely hazardous objects. The average period of emergency situations is 10 — 15 years for accidents and disasters with the material loss up to 2 billion USDs, and 15 — 45 days, when the material loss is up to 100 million USDs. 

Develop procedures for deahug with with emergency situations involving the storage, collection, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes. 

Details on special processing requirements, including emergency situations... 

Training for all staff, covering both normal operation and emergency situations, is essential. The combination of measures used will depend upon the degree of hazard, and the scale and nature of the processes. For example, dust and fume control measures in the rubber industry are summarized in Table 5.19. 

Sfart-up/shutdown Provide for safe start-up, including purging if necessary Provide for safe shutdown Normal By a trip On standby In various emergency situations, etc. 

Training and instruction of the workforce. Retraining. This should cover both normal and emergency situations. 

Checks on the adequacy and location of fire-fighting, emergency rescue and alarm equipment Practice in emergency situations Emergency procedures for Eire/explosion Toxic release Serious accidents Spillage... 

To ensure that during normal operation, maintenance and decommissioning, and in emergency situations, the radiation exposure to both workers and the public is kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. 

Provides facility-specific information for emergency situations. 

We can consider a range of typical plant emergency situations which may result from utility failures, equipment malfunctions, or plant upsets, and which may result in equipment overpressure along with some guidelines for the evaluation of these emergency conditions and determination of reheving rates. 

The local fire department may have all of the resources that your site would need in handling the worst possible site emergency. At the other extreme, the fire department may be not be equipped properly, may be poorly qualified, or may be unable to respond quickly or adequately to a site emergency without adequate assistance from other sources. No matter what the level of competence of the local fire department, they typically know how emergency situations should be handled and know where to look to get the assistance needed should an emergency occur. 

These questions need to be considered for every emergency situation. And the workers need to be able to make judgment calls in a very short time frame. Wliether to attempt to handle an emergency or walk away and report it becomes very situation dependent. Keep in mind that situations with real-life potentials should be discussed during training. 

In the event of an emergency situation, and a contractor/subcontractor is required in an exchision/contaminated zone, an insurance certificate naming the host organization as the holder and meeting the... 

Employees engaged in responding to emergency situations have been trained in how to respond to such situations [OSHA Reference, 120(b)(4)(ii)(B) and (e)(7)]... 

Detector tube A direct method for identifying airborne contaminants, also known as length-of-stain tube. It is a convenient tool for detecting and quantifying contaminants in field or emergency situations. 

Methods for dealing with accidents, incidents, and emergency situations, investigating their cause, and preventing recurrence... 

The first questions to be considered when designing a control panel are what information is required and how much of it will be appropriate. Too little information may increase the amount of inference that the worker is required to make to predict the state of process parameters that are not directly displayed. This is especially important for emergency situations where the human information processing system is taxed heavily with many tasks. On the other hand, too much redimdant information can overload the worker. It is essential, therefore, that the information needs of the worker are identified through some form of task analysis and worker interviews. 

Many of the difficulties in using operating procedures stem from the fact that the conditions for applying a given section or branch and the conditions for completing or transferring to another section are not clearly specified. This is particularly important in emergency situations where a choice must be made under time pressure and excessive workload. 

The type of power and social relationships in a group will also affect the overall performance. Although a formal status hierarchy is specified for each team by the plant management, it is well documented that groups have their own informal status structure which may be different from the formal one. In everyday duties it might be difficult to detect any contradictions between formal and informal status hierarchies. In an emergency situation, however, where different interpretations of the situation may be reached, such status problems may create difficulties with regard to whose opinion is followed. 

VARIABILITY OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE DURING NORMAL AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS... 

An emergency situation may display the following general characteristics ... 

A selection of the recommendations which were produced are presented below and cover most aspects of the blowdown operation. However, their common underlying theme is to provide optimum decision support in a high stress, high workload emergency situation such as a significant fire or gas release. 

Different emergencies are likely to require different response actions. Specific steps for coping with four types of emergency situations are outlined. 

The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a detailed information bulletin prepared by the manufacturer or importer of a chemical tliat describes tlie physical and healtli hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency and first-aid procedures, and control measures. Infonnation on an MSDS aids in tlie selection of safe products and helps prepare employers and employees to respond effectively to daily exposure situations as well as to emergency situations. It is also a source of information for identifying chemical hazards. 

An MSDS sheet serves as a reference source for information on a hazardous substance. Tlie MSDS sheet identifies the substance, identifies die producer or seller of die substance, the location of die producer or seller, explains why the substance is hazardous, explains how a person can be exposed to die substance, identifies conditions that increase the hazard, explains safe handling procedures, identifies proper protective clothing or devices to be used when working with die substance, explains the steps dial should be taken if a person is exposed to die substance, and explains die steps dial should be taken if there is a spill or emergency situation. 

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