Emergencies earthquakes

Shell Emergency (earthquake-safe shutdown) Membrane -l-bending 181 185 80% of collapse load... 

Our present discussions relate only to the laboratory testing of safety-related secondary systems, as are employed in critical areas such as areas of emergency power supply and reactor power control supply etc. of a nuclear power plant (NPP) according to IEEE 344 and lEC 60980. There are other codes also but IEEE 344 is referred to more commonly. Basically, all such codes are meant for an NPP but they can be applied to other critical applications or installations that are prone to earthquakes. 

Federal Emergency Management Agency. June 1992. NEHRP Handbook for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. FEMA-172, Earthquake Hazards Reduction Series 49. 

General Considerations 1 Location of people relative to the unit 2 Location of critical systems 3 Dominant wind direction 4 Climate and weather extremes earthquake, flooding, windstorms 5 Site topography 6 External hazards or threats (fire/explosion/toxic release from nearby process or facility aircraft subsidence sabotage) 7 Traffic flow patterns and clearances from process vessels and lines 8 Security and reliability of all critical feeds and utilities 9 Command center and alternate command center locations 10 Evacuation routes, emergency exits, safe rally spots... 

Before the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993 and the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, emergency incidents were primarily or generally thought to be caused by natural or accidental events. Examples of natural phenomena (events) include wildfires, flash floods, earthquakes, active volcanoes, droughts, and storms. These natural events are not entirely predictable, and they cannot yet be controlled or prevented (Meyer 2004). 

Emergency aid and humanitarian demining, earthquake/tsunami relief. Projects in Afghanistan,... 

Emergency planning includes tornado and storm shelters, flood protection, earthquakes, proximity to public areas, and safe exit routes. It also includes planning for the effect that an emergency in the new process would have on other plants, and the effect that an emergency in another plant would have on the new process. The effects of potential spills on waterways and aquifers should be considered. 

Among the data provided are the identity of the material(s), amount of material stored (average and maximum), conditions of storage (temperature, pressure, type of container), and location within the facility where the material is kept. This report is intended to provide the necessary information to enable the community to respond to a chemical emergency in the most effective manner. A chemical emergency could take the form of a fire or explosion, a weather-related situation, or an act of God such as an earthquake or flood. 

Fire insurance and similar emergency coverage on buildings, equipment, and all other owned, used, or stored property. Included in this category would be losses caused by lightning, wind- or hailstorms, floods, automobile accidents, explosions, earthquakes, and similar occurrences. 

Chavez, C. W., Binder, B. (1996). A hospital as victim and responder The Sepulveda VA Medical Center and the Northridge earthquake. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 14, 445-454. 

Chen, W. K., Cheng, Y. C., Ng, K. C., Hung, J. J., Chuang, C. M. (2001). Were there enough physicians in an emergency department in the affected area after a major earthquake An analysis of the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 38, 556-561. 

Margalit, G., Goldberg, A., Rosen, Y., Tekes-Manova, D., Golan, M., Benedek, P., et al. (2003). Recommendations for pediatric nursing requirements at a field hospital based on the Israel Defense Forces experiences following the 1999 Turkish earthquake disaster. Australian Emergency Nursing Journal, 6(1), 15-18. 

Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2006a). Hazards Fact sheet on earthquakes. Retrieved March 11, 2007 from http // www.fema.gov/hazards/earthquakes/... 

Emerging Infectious Diseases Coccidioidomycosis Following the Northridge Earthquake, California, 1994... 

Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994). Emerg ing infectious diseases Coccidioidomycosis following the Northridge earthquake—California, 1994. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 43(10), 194-195. 

Finally, container stabilization attempts to restore an unstable container to a stable physical location or orientation. Container stabilization is principally used in transportation incidents, but natural hazards, such as severe inland flooding and earthquakes, can displace stationary tanks from their foundations. As in the case of emergency assessment analyses, the EP coordinator must ensure the availability of adequate personnel, facilities, equipment, and materials to support expedient hazard mitigation. 

Local population density and sensitivity, land use and environmental considerations should play an important role in the decision to build, use or continue operation of a warehouse for chemical storage. Local conditions such as high population density, nearby schools or hospitals, or highly sensitive plant and animal species can magnify the problems associated with a chemical release. Natural perils such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes should be considered as they may precipitate chemical releases. Exposure from nearby industries, such as warehouses, flammable liquid storage or processing facilities should be evaluated. Additionally, the potential for riot and civil commotion, the adequacy of emergency responders, and the adequacy and reliability of utilities such as electricity and water supply should also be addressed. 

The most pronounced pattern in observed seismicity is the emergence of strongly clustered aftershock activity following a large earthquake. Apart from the Omori law (Eq. (14.2)), it is widely accepted that aftershocks are characterized by the following properties ... 

Emergency action plans are especially necessary in laboratories. Plans should be prepared for response to situations such as fire, explosions, flooding, severe weather (tornadoes, hurricanes), earthquakes, medical emergencies, violent acts or threats of violence (e.g., bombs), and release of hazardous materials. Accidents at nearby locations such as adjacent laboratories and transportation facilities may affect the laboratory worker. According to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.38, the minimum elements of an emergency action plan include ... 

Against earthquakes, typhoons, floods and others, plastics are valuable materials, both to prevent collapse and facilitate rescue. They enter into the seismic design of buildings and bridges, to strengthen the defenses with elements like kneecaps. They are in emergency facilities, tents, houseboats, artificial islands to bring the victims to... 

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