Effluent control

From a separation-process point of view, a fluid-fluid reaction is intended to enhance separation (e.g., preparation of feed for a subsequent process step, product purification, or effluent control for environmental protection). Examples include the use of ethanolamines for the removal of H2S and C02 (reactions (A) and (B) in Section 9.2), the removal of SO, by an aqueous stream of a hydroxide, and absorption of 02 by blood or desorption of C02 from blood. A solid catalyst may be involved as a third phase, as in hydrodesulfurization in a trickle-bed reactor. 

Glober, B. Lorrain H. Waste minimisation in tbe dyebouse. Text. Chem. Color. 1993, 25, 15-20. Sbab, H.A. Sbarma, M.A. Dosbi, S.M. Pillay, G.R. Practical approach towards energy conservation, economy and effluent control in a process-house. Colourage 1989, 15, 20c. 

Lund, H.F. (Ed.) Industrial Pollution Control Handbook McGraw-Hill New York, 1971 14-6-14-8. Markham, J.H. Effluent Control on a Fertilizer Manufacturing Site Fertilizer Soc. of London, London, 1983 Proc. 213. 

Patterson JW, Kodukala PS. 1981. Emission and effluent control biodegradation. Chem Eng Prog 77 48-55. 

MHD has the very interesting potential of producing electricity directly from coal more efficiently than present-day electricity generating power plants which now use coal, and I have seen numbers there of 50-55% versus around 35%, and doing this within acceptable standards for N0x and sulfur effluent control. 

The control structure discussed in this section is presented in Figure 4.4(a). The reactor-inlet flow rate is fixed at the value l. Reactor effluent controls the reactor holdup V, while the coolant flow rate controls the reactor temperature. Dual composition control is used for the distillation column. The reactant is fed on level control. For illustration purposes, a buffer vessel was considered. This increases the equipment cost and might be unacceptable due to safety or environmental concerns. An alternative is to feed the reactant in the condenser dram of the distillation column. This strategy achieves the regulation of reactant inventory, because any imbalance is reflected by a change of the holdup. 

Several additional factors must, however, be examined before we can reach a final conclusion. The first is the rate at which control technology can be commercially installed. Forty per cent of the coal- and oil-fired utility and industrial capacity indicated in Table IV, extrapolated to 1975, implies that nearly 20,000 coal- and oil-fired steam generating units consuming about 7.0 X 10 Btu annually (approximately equivalent to 150,000 MW capacity) could conceivably require effluent control. At an average incremental control cost of 30jft/MM Btu, a yearly... 

Water is drawn from a stream passing through the plant. During the production process, the water is recycled and reused, and eventually passes to the effluent control... 

M. Sittig, Sulfuric Acid Manufacture and Effluent Control. Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ, 1971. 

Effluent control as part of a Direct Toxicity Assessment (DTA) approach (UKWIR, 2001), based on the recommendations of a DTA Demonstration Programme completed in 2000. Toxicity-based conditions may be implemented as part of Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) authorisations or to control emissions under the Water Resources Act. 

UKWIR (2000) Technical Guidance for the Implementation of Direct Toxicity Assessment (DTA) for Effluent Control Addressing Water Quality Problems in Catchments where Acute Toxicity is an Issue. Report TX02B 217. 

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND WATER, ECONOMY AND EFFLUENT CONTROL IN PRE-TREATMENT PROCESSES... 

The systems for fume, dust and effluent control should be designed, installed and operated in such a manner that they do not become possible sources of contamination or cross-contamination, e.g. an exhaust-air discharge point located close to the HVAC system fresh air inlet. 

Antifoam. [Chem-Tex Labs] Silicone or nonsilicone defoamers for textile processing or effluent controL... 

This is especially important for information clients in developing countries who, fw a number of reasons, are unable to use remote data access facilities. Future plans for the PC-package are to include data obtained from other data sources available to the programme — special information sets (packages) on specific environmental topics, inter alia recycling, energy conservation, effluent control, would then be available over a range of industrial sectors or sub-sectors. 

A prerequisite to improve a dyeing process is an adequate definition of the parameters involved. Once the qualitative concept to measure emissions to the environment is established, assessments or measurements of releases should follow. The whole project should be promoted by an early involvement of the woikf< ce by implementing a pollution prevention commitment and training Hogram. With this basis the need for effluent control will be understood and precise instructions given. 

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