Major tributaries

Leiker, T.J., C.E. Rostad, C.R. Bames, and W.E. Pereira. 1991. A reconnaissance study of halogenated organic compounds in catfish from the lower Mississippi River and its major tributaries. Chemosphere 23 817-829. Littrell, E.E. 1986. Shell thickness and organochlorine pesticides in osprey eggs from Eagle Lake, California. Calif. Fish Game 72 182-185. 

The Meurthe river in North-Eastern France has two major tributaries, the Fave and Mortagne rivers. Let R be the concentration of an element in the main Meurthe river and r that of the same element in its tributaries (Table 1.1, columns 2 and 3). 65 percent of fine-grained sediments from the Upper Meurthe (R0) mix with 35 percent sediment from the Fave (r0) river. At the next confluent, 80 percent of the Meurthe fine-grained sediments mix with 20 percent Mortagne (r2) sediment. Find the composition of the sediments in the Meurthe down each tributary. 

The United States Geological Survey (FEDRIP 1996) is conducting a study on the Mississippi River and its major tributaries focused on the transport and degradation of organic substances. Experiments will be conducted at 12 stations to determine the THM and organic halide formation potentials. The results will be summarized in a chapter on water purification by-products in a Report to Congress on the Mississippi River. 

Figure 4. Map of the lower Mississippi River and major tributaries.

Goolsby, D.A., R.H. Coupe, and D.J. Markovchick (1991b). Distribution of selected herbicides and nitrate in the Mississippi River and its major tributaries, April through June 1991. Open-File Report US Geological Survey, No. 91-4163 35 pp. 

Hall Jr., L.W., R.D. Anderson, J. Kilian, and D.P. Tierney (1999). Concurrent exposure assessments of atrazine and metolachlor in the mainstem, major tributaries and small streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed Indicators of ecological risk. Environ. Monit. Assess., 59 155-190. 

The effect of the deposition of CaC03, at up to 1.7 x lO" t per year, was to increase the sedimentation rate of the lake several-fold, with a large CaC03 delta where the major tributary, Ninemile Creek, flows into the lake, and create a layer of CaC03 about 1 m thick over the bottom sediments. As a result, Onondaga Lake became effectively a saturated solution of CaCOa, with a pH of 7.6-8.2, and, most unusually for a lake in the north-eastern USA, immune to both acid precipitation and phosphate-induced eutrophication, the latter largely being avoided as a consequence of... 

The fringing floodplain along a 2600 km reach of the Amazon River from 52.5°W to 70.5°W contains about 6500 lakes that vary considerably in shape and size the lower 400 km of four major tributaries (Japura, Purus, Negro, and Madeira) contain an additional 2320 lakes (Melack 1984, Sippel... 

Area subject to flooding estimated from geomorphological maps derived from the SLAR imagery occupies about 78,000 km along the Amazon mainstem and an additional 62,000 km along the lower reaches of the four major tributaries (Sippel et al. 1992 52.5 W to 70.5-W, reaches 1 through 12). Islands comprise a small proportion of the total main-stem floodplain, except in the Amazon delta which is excluded from our... 

Fig. 14.1 Central and lower Amazon River and its major tributaries from Sippel et al. (1992). Numbered floodplain reaches indicated along bottom were used in Sippel et al. 1992 arrows mark the upriver limits of measurements along major tributaries.

Figure 15.1 Map of the Amazon River drainage basin. Major tributaries are denoted by open circles with numbers. Locations refered to in the text are referenced by filled circles with letters. Major geologic provinces are also noted.

Figure 15.9 Weight-percent organic carbon in the particulate phase versus total suspended sediment concentration (TSS, mg l O for the Amazon River mainstem and its major tributaries within Brazil. The solid line gives the Meybeck (1982) relationship derived from a global compilation of river data.

Table 16.2 Temporal variability of trace element concentration for the major tributaries and comparison with previous studies. 

In Fig. 16.5, the suspended matter composition of the Amazon major tributaries is compared with mean trace element concentration for the varzea (Konhauser et al. 1994), and with the average composition of the surficial rocks exposed to weathering, computed by Martin and Meybeck (1979). Among the major tributaries of the Amazon River, the Rio Solimoes presents the highest concentrations for all the elements studied, with few exceptions POC, Zn, Fe, and Pb concentrations are more elevated in the Rio Negro, Co and Ni are in the same range in... 

South America. Due to its importance in terms of water discharge and to generally high trace-element levels, the Amazon river system has been well documented for a number of elements, including their seasonal variations. In Table 1, we have reported different analyses of the Amazon River and its major tributaries to show their temporal variability at a given location. Results of ultrafiltration experiments for the Amazon and Orinoco rivers demonstrate that the concentration of a number of elements in waters depends on filtration pore size. Finally, data for... 

Figure 14 (a) Location of the major tributaries to the Great Salt Lake, (b) Ternary phase diagram ( Speneer... 

The Colorado River catchment, Utah, USA is also a seleniferous area. Median selenium concentrations in the Colorado River and its major tributaries are in the range 1 -4 p,g (Engberg, 1999), although values up to 400p.gL have... 

Prut River is a first-order tributary of the Danube River it is the last major tributary before the Danube enters its delta. The total length of the Prut River is 983 km. The uppermost 241 km are on Ukrainian territory, for the next 31 km the river forms the border between Romania and Ukraine, and for the lower 711 km it forms the border between Romania and the Republic of Moldova. The Prut River catchment is bordered in the South and West by the Siret catchment, situated on Romanian territory, and in the North and East by the Nistru catchment, situated on Ukrainian and Moldovan territory. 

Numerous contaminants were quantified selected either by their specific chemical structure, their ecotoxicological properties or their technical application. All concentration data are presented in Tab. 3. Additionally the confluences of major tributaries are marked. 

---