Economic and environmental analysis

Meyer-Aurich A (2005) Economic and environmental analysis of sustainable farming practices - a Bavarian case study. Agric Sys 86 190-206... 

Lindley, A.A. (1997) An Economic and Environmental Analysis of the Chlor-Alkali Production Process Mercury Cells and Alternative Technologies. Prepared for the European Commission (DG III C-4, Chemicals, Plastics, Rubber). See also OSPAR Document WOCAI 99/5/8 (Madrid, 1999). 

Nowadays, the bulk of succinic acid (SA) is produced at a rate of 25,000 tons per year from maleic anhydride obtained by oxidation of the C4 fraction (n-butane or butadiene) of crude oil [321]. However, the biotechnological production of SA by fermentation of carbohydrates has attracted more recent attention (http // www.dsm.com/en US/downloads/media/12e 09 dsm and roquette connmercialize bio based succinic acid.pdf, http //www.bio-amber.com/press releases.php, [322-326]). The economic and environmental analysis of a biorefinery producing SA indicated that bio-SA is a promising intermediate provided that its production cost could be lowered further [322]. 

Zhang, Q., Mclellan, B. C., Tezuka, T., Ishihara, K. N. (2014). Economic and environmental analysis of power generation expansion in Japan considering Fukushima nuclear accident using a multiobjective optimization model. Energy, 44(1) 986-995. 

Murphy, J.D., Power, N., 2007. A technical, economic, and environmental analysis of energy production from newspaper in Ireland. Waste Management 27,177-192. 

Kammen D M, Lipman T E and Edwards J (2002) Economic and Environmental Analysis of PEM Fuel Cell System Performance Using the Clean Energy Technologies Economic and Emissions Model (CETEEM) A publication from Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory (RAEL). 

Office of Mobile Sources, Analysis of the Economic and Environmental Effects of Methanol as an Automotive Euel, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich., Sept. 1989. 

Feasibility Analysis Phase The point in a pollution prevention program at which waste reduction options are evaluated technically, economically and environmentally. The results are used to select options to be recommended for implementation. 

Although comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has not been applied to any great extent in forensic analysis, the technique shows great promise when samples or sample matrices are complex. For example, when oil is spilled into waterways, assigning responsibility for the economic and environmental damage is often difficult. Gaines et al. employed comprehensive two-dimensional GC in the forensic analysis of samples collected at oil-spill sites and were able to obtain results which were comparable to those obtained by classical methods (39). This article also... 

Such yes/no decisions are of great importance in foodstuffs control and environmental analysis. They also play an important role in pharmacy in the form of content uniformity tests. Without suitable screening methods for rapid detection of positive samples it would scarcely be possible to carry out economic doping controls and toxicological investigations or to recognize medicament abuse. 

One method for understanding the economic and environmental costs and benefits associated with the transition to a hydrogen economy is through the use of scenarios. Scenarios are one way of providing a set of quantitative inputs for use in a computer model or analysis that can be used to calculate the potential impacts associated with these assumptions. 

Recognizing the need for a more economically and environmentally friendly citric acid recovery process, an adsorptive separation process to recover citric acid from fermentation broth was developed by UOP [9-14] using resin adsorbents. No waste gypsum is generated with the adsorption technique. The citric acid product recovered from the Sorbex pilot plant either met or exceeded all specifications, including that for readily carbonizable substances. An analysis of the citric acid product generated from a commercially prepared fermentation broth is shown in Table 6.2, along with typical production specifications. The example sited here is not related to zeolite separation. It is intent to demonstrate the impact of adsorption to other separation processes. 

The simulator packages such as Aspen Plus and Hysys may be useful in analyzing distillation column systems to improve recovery and separation capacity, and to decrease the rate of entropy production. For example, for the optimization of feed conditions and reflux, exergy analysis can be helpful. A complete exergy analysis, however, should include both an examination of the exergy losses related to economic and environmental costs and suggestions for modifications to reduce these costs. Otherwise, the analysis is only theoretical and less effective. 

Exergy analysis may be an important tool to interrelate energy management, the environment, and sustainable development in order to improve economic and environmental assessments. Ecological cost analysis may minimize... 

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001. Human Health Metrics for Environmental Decision Support Tools Lessons for Health Economics and Decision Analysis. EPA /600/R-01/104. Cincinnati, Ohio. 

CBA, cost-benefit analysis DMC, direct material consumption DMI. direct material input EF. ecological footprint EIA, environmental impact assessment EMS, environmental management system En. energy analysis lOA, input-output analysis LCA, lifecycle assessment LCC. life cycle costing MFA, material flow accounting MIPS material intensity per unit service RA, risk assessment SEA. strategic environmental assessment SEEA system of economic and environmental accounts SFA, substance flow analysis TMR. total material requirement. 

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