Economizers technologies

Estimating future emissions is difficult, because it depends on demographic, economic, technological, policy, and institutional developments. Several emissions scenarios have been developed based on differing projections of these underlying factors. For example, by 2100, in the absence of emissions control policies, carbon dioxide concentrations are projected to be 30-150% higher than today s level. 

A combination of available alternative fuels should evolve with the most likely choices affected by a number of technical, political and market factors. In order to allow a wider application of alternative fuels, a number of obstacles have to be overcome. These include economic, technological, and infrastructural issues. In the past, gasoline has been plentiful and has had a significant price advantage compared to other fuels. This could change quickly and alternative fuels would need to become more commonplace. 

In addition to the search for ways of creating economic technology for natural gas processing to methanol with an intermediate synthesis gas stage, recent investigations have been aimed at direct methane oxidation by pure oxygen or in air [120, 121],... 

Reactions can be performed in the solid state as well, by soaking the reagents on silica, alumina, or clays. Avoiding the use of organic solvents in the reactions leads to clean, efficient, and economical technologies. The Friedel-Crafts acylation shown in Figure 12.26 is an example. 

Vol. 8 Petrochemical Economics Technology Selection in a Carbon Constrained World byD. Seddon... 

Avoiding the use of organic solvents during MAOS of heterocycles lead to a clean, efficient and economical technology (Green Chemistry). Apart from this the safety is increased, workup is considerably simplified, cost is reduced, the use of toxic solvents can be avoided and the reactivities and sometimes the selectivities can also be enhanced without dilution. Due to these positive aspects of solvent free synthesis, there is a marked increase in the use of environmentally benign reagents and procedures. 

This can be a very economical technology, as long as extensive internal modifications are not required inside the boiler and the existing FD fan can handle the extra pressure drop. 

E. Greppi, EIB and the Financing of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal, in The Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Europe. Economic, Technological and Environmen tal Perspectives, A.Q. Curzio, L. Prosperetti and R. Zoboli (eds.), Elsevier Science B.V., The Netherlands, 1994. 

The BAHLM is an environmentally friendly and economical technology due to operation at ambient temperature, low energy requirements, low chemical consumption, and no formation of parasitic byproducts. 

Microwave irradiation is confirmed as a new, more efficient mode of activation when compared to classical heating resulting in rapid reactions with better yields and purer compounds. Coupling microwave and solvent-free procedures is shown to be of great interest and offers attractive potential. More and more, classical conditions should be revisited in this direction thus taking advantage of clean, efficient, safe and economical technology. 

Despite of prescription and a plenty of researches in the field of non-polluting manufacture, the problem of recycling and processing of industrial wastes remains actual till now. Therefore, all has appeared economically, technologically and ecologically proved necessity for development and introduction of new progressive and safe methods of the decision of a problem of disposal of biosphere from danger of its pollution by waste products of manufacture and consumption. 

Laboratory of Transmission and Technology of Heat, LTTC Mechanical Engineering Department, COPPE POLL, Cx. Postal 68503 CEP 21945-970, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, cotta mecanica.coppe.ufrj.br TOBB University of Economics Technology, Ankara, Turkey... 

TOBB University of Economics Technology, Ankara, Turkey... 

Policies must therefore be changed. The changes in policies affect basic economic, technological, and ideological structures. The resulting state of affairs will be deeply different from the present. 

This technique is still in use in several plants. However, marketing Na2S04 is becoming more and more difficult, especially as far as the soap industry is concerned. So, the use of this technique depends on the economical, technological and environmental conditions of a recycling plant. 

The problems associated with discarded batteries from the highly distributed domestic sources are complicated. They involve questions of social structures, economics, technology, and regulatory climates. The first problem is that of the efficient retrieval of discarded batteries. The next question that must be answered is what kinds of batteries may be allowed to enter municipal waste streams without treatment Another question is how will the consumers know which is which This is related to the question of the amounts of pollutants contributed by particular batteries relative to other sources of the same pollutants. It is not reasonable to consider batteries alone as a problem from the point of view of municipal solid waste (MSW) treatments when other sources contribute the same pollutants as well. Nickel/cadmium batteries are an example. Sources other than batteries contribute significant amounts of cadmium to MSW. The elimination of nickel/cadmium batteries from MSW or the elimination of cadmium from Ni/Cd batteries will not solve problems attributed to cadmium in MSW. 

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