Dyeing textile fibers finishing

Textile applications Textile bags Textile bleaching Textile cord Textile dyeing Textile fibers Textile finishes Textile finishing... 

Textile fibers. 2. Textile finishing. 3. Dyes and dyeing--Textile fibers. I. Title. 

To facilitate an overview and to consider the specific differences of textile fibers during pretreatment, dyeing, and finishing, the sections have been focused on the most important types of fibers wool, cotton, and synthetic fibers. Mixtures of fibers can be seen as systems combining problems of the single fiber types. In Section 8.3 end-of-pipe technologies have been summarized. 

The annual production of wool is approximately 1.2 million tons, which corresponds to a share of 2% of the total production of textile fibers. A simplified route for the preparation, dyeing, and finishing of woolen textiles is shown in Figure 3. 

Stability of the Dye-Fiber Bond. Because of the large variety of reactive dyes, generalizations about colorfastness are difficult. While wetfastness is determined mainly by the anchor system used, most other fastness properties depend on the dye as a whole or the chromophore present. Most reactive dyes are azo or anthra-quinone derivatives whose standard of fastness varies greatly. Phthalocyanine, formazan, and triphenodioxazine derivatives are also very important. In addition, application conditions and finishing processes of the dyed goods can affect fastness properties. Thus, with some resin-finished textiles (dimethylolpropyleneurea finish) a decrease in lightfastness is observed. 

Aramid fibers, i.e. polyamide textile fibers made from aromatic amines and dicar-boxylic acid [177] are similar to polyamide and polyester fibers and are highly heat resistant and flame retardant. Aramid fibers must be heat set by steaming before wet finishing and washed before dyeing for good leveling. 

AVASOLS have been produced by Alframine Corporation for more than 40 years and find continued acceptance in various industrial applications as textile softening and finishing agents, dye fixatives, fiber static eliminators, emulsifiers, anti-stick agents, low-foam detergents, and yarn lubricants. 

Processing of Textile Fibers, Scouring, Bleaching, Dyeing, Finishing, Raleigh, N. C., Technical Press, 1941. 

H. Needles, Textile Fibers, Dyes, Finishes and Processes (Noyes Publications, New York, 1986)... 

Uses Emollient for cosmetics, topical phannaceuticals, ointments inks waterproof coatings polishes mbber mfg. dyes plasticizer, lubricant for P VC, PS for fiber finishing for resin-bond filters for food contact defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in surf, lubricants for mfg. of food-contact metallic articles in food-contact textiles Regulatory FDA 21CFR 176.210,177.2260,177.2800,178.3910 Manuf./Dlstrib. A E Connock ChemSen/ice Inolex Mosselman NV St. Lawrence UniqemaAm. 

Uses 0/w emulsifier solubilizer emulsifier for industrial lubricants, fiber finish lubricant for textiles, leather pigment dispersant in textiles, painL paper, leather softener dyeing assistant in food-pkg. adhesives antistat emulsion stabilizer Regulaltxy FDA 21 CFR 175.105 Mam JDistrib. Fiuka Sigma Trade Names Chemax CO-80... 

Uses Antistat, humectanf moisturizer in cosmetics, demratological soaps, medicinals, shampoos, nutritive creams and lotions, hair balms, dentifrices, tobacco, cellulose film, paper, fibers, paints textile dyeing agenf softener, finishing agent, antis intermediate for synthesis thickener... 

Uses Emollient for cosmetics, creams/lotions, pharmaceuticals thickener, vise, control agent, pigment dispersant for cosmetic creams/lotions, bath preps. dye carrier, lubricant for textile/industrial filament yarns, fiber finishes textile surfactant lubricant for plastics processing and extrusion magnetic tapes Manuf./Distrib. DelCon St. Lawrence Trade Names Lexolube B-109... 

N,N-Dimethyl-N-tallow-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Distearyl-N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine solubilizer, textile auxiliaries Ceteth-80 Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine Diethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl-N-lauric acid-amidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-myristyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-palmityl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-stearyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-tallow-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Distearyl-N-methyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine EO/PO ethylenediamine block copolymer Laureth-50 Octoxynol-50 PEG-40 stearamine Steareth-80 Steareth-100 solubilizer, textile dyeing PEG-2 hydrogenated tallowamine solubilizer, textile dyes Phenoxyethanol solubilizer, textile emulsions Disodium nonoxynol-10 sulfosuccinate solubilizer, textile fibers Disodium lauriminodipropionate solubilizer, textile finishing Oleyl alcohol Sodium cumenesulfonate Sodium toluenesulfonate Sodium xylenesulfonate solubilizer, textile lubricants PEG-8 dilaurate solubilizer, textiles... 

Needles, H.L., 1981. Handbook of Textile Fibers, Dyes and Finishes. Garland STPM Press, New York. 

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