Antimicrobial textiles applications

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 89, No.9, 29th Aug.2003, p.2418-25 DURABLE AND REGENERABLE ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILES SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF 3-METHYLOL-2,2,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-IMIDAZOLIDIN-4-ONE(MTMIO)... 

A new N-halamine monomeric compound, hydantoin acrylamide (HA), was synthesised by forming a hydantoin ring from the ketone moiety of a secondary amide monomer, N-(l,l-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide (DA), which has been used for coatings and textile applications [76]. Amide and imide moieties of the hydantoin ring halogenate more easily than sterically hindered secondary amides this method can be used to impart antimicrobial properties to films, coatings or paint. HA can be copolymerised with many commercial monomers. 

Lim, S. H., and Hudson, S. M. (2004). Application of a fibre-reactive chitosan derivative to cotton fabric as an antimicrobial textile finish, Carbohvd. Polvm.. 56, 227-234. 

Windier L, Height M, Nowack B. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobials for textile applications. Environ Int 2013 53 62-73. 

ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILES FOR HEALTH AND HYGIENE APPLICATIONS BASED ON ECO-FRIENDLY NATURAL PRODUCTS... 

In the present scenario of environmental consciousness, the new quali requirements not only emphasise on the intrinsic functionality and long service life of the product but also a production process that is environmental iHendly. Therefore, research on environmental friendly antimicrobial agent based on natural products for textile application is gaining worldwide interest. A brief review based on the recent literature describing various natural products being explored for imparting antimicrobial properties to textile material is presented in this section. 

Qian L, Sun G. Durable and regenerable antimicrobial textiles synthesis and applications of 3-methylol-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazolidin-4-one (MTMIO). J Appl Polym Sci 2003 89 2418-25. http //dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12405. 

Joshi, M., Purwar, R., Wazed Ali, S. (2010). Antimicrobial textiles for health hygiene applications based on eco-friendly natural products. In S. C. Anand, J. F. Kennedy, M. Miraftab, S. Rajendran (Eds.), Medical and healthcare textiles (pp. 84—92). Cambridge Woodhead Publishing Limited. 

This textile application method holds several key advantages over the antibiotics bound in other studies. The antibiotic attaches to the fibers without molecular modification, thus retaining full antimicrobial activity. No cross linking agents are... 

Both silver and Triclosan are scientifically well documented and can be regarded as safe for the consumer in textile applications. Silver has been known for its antimicrobial effect for decades. Its use is permitted in many countries for the treatment of drinking water and in others for beverages and vinegar. In the EU it is permitted to use silver as a desinfectant for drinking water at concentrations up to 10 p.g Ag/1. 

Chitin and its deacetylated product, chitosan, have attracted renewed scientific and economic interest because of their abrmdance, especially the availability fi om seafood waste, and unique attributes, e.g. biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, wound-healing acceleration, antimicrobial and chelating properties. Chitin and chitosan have been widely used in food, biomedical, cosmetic, and textile applications. By fabricating chitin and chitosan fibers, one could take better advantage of the bioactive properties and broad the applications of these polymers. 

CEFIC has estimated that more than 60% of the 2,000 biocidal active ingredients and of the 20,000 formulated biocidal products containing them currently marketed in the EU may eventually be withdrawn as a result of the implementation of the Biocidal Products Directive. Avecia believes the BPD is likely to restrict new product development and increase the costs of notifying and listing active substances, meaning that research on new actives will be difficult to justify. Avecia Protection Hygiene develops and produces antimicrobials for more than 25 applications in industrial preservation, disinfection, plastics, textiles and personal care, and it continues to develop new products. 

Recent work sponsored by the Department of Agriculture also pinpoints another group of microorganisms, the viruses, as being carried and spread by fabrics and capable of being controlled chemically. While this work is presently limited to textiles, it is quite likely that it will apply equally to vinyl surfaces, and no doubt work will be done in this area in the near future. If vinyls containing an antimicrobial can be shown to be virucidal as well as bactericidal, some interesting new applications may present themselves. 

Many antimicrobial products that were formerly used with textiles are now strictly regulated because of their toxicity and potential for environmental damage. Products such as copper naphthenate, copper-8-quinolinate, and numerous organo mercury compounds fall into this category. Other materials that still have limited use in specialised areas include tributyl tin oxide (deleted in many countries. Fig. 15.1a), dichlorophene (Fig. 15.1b) and 3-iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (Fig. 15.1c). These products typically show a very broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and fungi, but suffer from application and durability problems. 

One of the most widely used antimicrobial products today is 2,4,4 -trichloro-2 -hydroxydiphenyl ether, known more commonly as triclosan (Fig. 15. Id). Triclosan finds extensive use in mouthwashes, toothpastes, liquid hand soaps, deodorant products, and the like. Although it is effective against most bacteria, it has poor antifungal properties. Triclosan is also important as a textile finish, but since its water solubility is very low, aqueous application requires use of dispersing agents and binders. 

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