Leather Pigments

Class Number Aniline leather Pigmented leather... 

Chem. Descrip. Sorbitan oleate CAS 1338-43-8 EINECS/ELINCS 215-665-4 Uses Emulsifier and coupling agent for petrol, oils, fats, and waxes lubricant, softener for textiles and leather pigment dispersant in cosmetics w/o emulsifier corrosion inhibitor in petrol, oils emollient food pkg. adhesives, coatings defoamer in food-oontaot paper/paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles... 

Uses Emulsifier dispersant for leather pigments paper coating defoamer, plasticizer and leveling agent emulsion polymerization Properties Liq. HLB 11.7 nonionic 95% act. 

Uses 0/w emulsifier solubilizer emulsifier for industrial lubricants, fiber finish lubricant for textiles, leather pigment dispersant in textiles, painL paper, leather softener dyeing assistant in food-pkg. adhesives antistat emulsion stabilizer Regulaltxy FDA 21 CFR 175.105 Mam JDistrib. Fiuka Sigma Trade Names Chemax CO-80... 

Chromates and dichromates are used in industry as oxidising agents, for example in the coal tar industry, in the leather industry (chrome taiming), and in the dye industry as mordants. Some chromates are used as pigments, for example those of zinc and lead. Chromates and dichromates are poisonous. 

Tripotassium hexakiscyanoferrate [13746-66-2] K2[Fe(CN)g], forms anhydrous red crystals. The crystalline material is dimorphic both orthorhombic and monoclinic forms are known. The compound is obtained by chemical or electrolytic oxidation of hexacyanoferrate(4—). K2[Fe(CN)g] is soluble in water and acetone, but insoluble in alcohol. It is used in the manufacture of pigments, photographic papers, leather (qv), and textiles and is used as a catalyst in oxidation and polymerisation reactions. 

Phthalocyanine Dyes. In addition to their use as pigments, the phthalocyanines have found widespread appHcation as dyestuffs, eg, direct and reactive dyes, water-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, solvent-soluble dyes with physical or chemical binding, a2o reactive dyes, a2o nonreactive dyes, sulfur dyes, and wet dyes. The first phthalocyanine dyes were used in the early 1930s to dye textiles like cotton (qv). The water-soluble forms Hke sodium salts of copper phthalocyanine disulfonic acid. Direct Blue 86 [1330-38-7] (Cl 74180), Direct Blue 87 [1330-39-8] (Cl 74200), Acid Blue 249 [36485-85-5] (Cl 74220), and their derivatives are used to dye natural and synthetic textiles (qv), paper, and leather (qv). The sodium salt of cobalt phthalocyanine, ie. Vat Blue 29 [1328-50-3] (Cl 74140) is mostly appHed to ceUulose fibers (qv). 

Use. Titanium dioxide is mainly used in the production of paints and lacquers (55—60%), plastics (15—20%), and paper ( 15%). Other apphcations include the pigmentation of printing inks, mbber, textiles (qv), leather, synthetic fibers, ceramics, white cement, and cosmetics. 

Around 1800, the attack of chromite [53293-42-8] ore by lime and alkaU carbonate oxidation was developed as an economic process for the production of chromate compounds, which were primarily used for the manufacture of pigments (qv). Other commercially developed uses were the development of mordant dyeing using chromates in 1820, chrome tanning in 1828 (2), and chromium plating in 1926 (3) (see Dyes and dye intermediates Electroplating Leather). In 1824, the first chromyl compounds were synthesized followed by the discovery of chromous compounds 20 years later. Organochromium compounds were produced in 1919, and chromium carbonyl was made in 1927 (1,2). 

Cobalt is used as a blue phosphor in cathode ray tubes for television, in the coloration of polymers and leather goods, and as a pigment for oil and watercolor paints. Organic cobalt compounds that are used as colorants usually contain the azo (51) or formazon (52) chromophores. 

Capillary Flow Moisture which is held in the interstices of solids, as liquid on the surface, or as free moisture in cell cavities, moves by gravity and capiUarity, provided that passageways for continuous flow are present. In diying, liquid flow resulting from capiUarity appUes to liquids not held in solution and to aU moisture above the fiber-saturation point, as in textiles, paper, and leather, and to all moisture above the equiUbrium moisture content at atmospheric saturations, as in fine powders and granular solids, such as paint pigments, minerals, clays, soU, and sand. 

Blumen blatt, n. petal. erde, /, garden mold, gelb, n. any yellow flower pigment. kohl, m. cauhflower, seite, /. (Leather) hair side, staub, m. pollen. tee, m. imperial tea. topf, m. flower pot. 

Farbe,/. color dye pigment stain paint hue, tint (Leather) weak ooze, also a container for it (Lead) skimminga. 

In Chapters 3-6, the commercially important chemical classes of dyes and pigments are discussed in terms of their essential structural features and the principles of their synthesis. The reader will encounter further examples of these individual chemical classes of colorants throughout Chapters 7 10 which, as a complement to the content of the earlier chapters, deal with the chemistry of their application. Chapters 7, 8 and 10 are concerned essentially with the application of dyes, whereas Chapter 9 is devoted to pigments. The distinction between these two types of colorants has been made previously in Chapter 2. Dyes are used in the coloration of a wide range of substrates, including paper, leather and plastics, but by far their most important outlet is on textiles. Textile materials are used in a wide variety of products, including clothing of all types, curtains, upholstery and carpets. This chapter deals with the chemical principles of the main application classes of dyes that may be applied to textile fibres, except for reactive dyes, which are dealt with exclusively in Chapter 8. 

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