Dry chemicals

Shipment. The DOT/IMO shipping information is shown in Table 6. Approved materials of constmction for shipping, storage, and associated transportation equipment are lined carbon steel (DOT spec. 105 S 500W) and type 316 stainless steel. Water spray, carbon dioxide, chemical-foam, or dry-chemical fire extinguishers may be used. 

Flash points and autoignition temperatures are given in Table 11. The vapor can travel along the ground to an ignition source. In the event of fire, foam, carbon dioxide, and dry chemical are preferred extinguishers. The lower and upper explosion limits are 1% and 7%. 

C depending on the reference consulted). Fires may be controlled with carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers. Recommended methods of handlings loadings unloadings and storage can be obtained from Material Safety Data Sheets and inquiries directed to suppHers of acetone. 

Adipic acid is an irritant to the mucous membranes. In case of contact with the eyes, they should be flushed with water. It emits acrid smoke and fumes on heating to decomposition. It can react with oxidizing materials, and the dust can explode ia admixture with air (see Table 3). Fires may be extinguished with water, CO2, foam, or dry chemicals. 

DRI retains the chemical purity of the iron ore from which it is produced, therefore it tends to be very low in residual elements such as copper, chrome, tin, nickel, and molybdenum. Typical ranges of DRI chemical compositions are shown in Table 2. 

Because of thek flash pokits, nitroparaftins are classified as flammable Hquids under DOT regulations (ha2ard class 3, PG III). Nitromethane and nitroethane tires can be extinguished with water, CO2, foam, or class ABC dry chemical extinguishers. Nitroparaftins should not be exposed to dry caustic soda, lye, or similar alkaline materials. 

Some dry-chemical fire extinguishers contain sodium or potassium bicarbonate these should not be used on nitromethane or nitroethane fires. Dry chemical extinguishers can be used on nitropropane fires. 

Bags of various constmctions are used in the storage and transportation of dry chemicals. The choice of which type of bag to use should be based on the needs of the product for adequate protection and the requirements of the distribution network. To a certain degree, bags can be custom-made for a particular product indeed, almost any shipping requirement can be satisfied by one of many combinations of paper, plastic, and natural fibers incorporated in the design of bags. 

There are explosion hazards with phthahc anhydride, both as a dust or vapor in air and as a reactant. Table 11 presents explosion hazards resulting from phthahc anhydride dust or vapor (40,41). Preventative safeguards in handling sohd phthahc anhydride have been reported (15). Water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam may be used to extinguish the burning anhydride. Mixtures of phthahc anhydride with copper oxide, sodium nitrite, or nitric acid plus sulfuric acid above 80°C explode or react violently (39). 

Isophthahc acid dust forms explosive mixtures with air at certain concentrations. These concentrations and other information on burning and explosiveness of isophthahc acid dust clouds are given in Table 27 (40,41). Fires can be extinguished with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water or water fog, or foam. 

Most dry-chemical fire-extinguishing materials also function by inhibiting combustion rather than by cooling or by reducing oxygen concentration. The usual dry-chemical material is a bicarbonate, but some phosphates, eg, ammonium, provide a coating that makes the material suitable for use on fires involving soHd combustibles such as mbber tires, wood, and paper. 

Use of dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide is recommended for cycloahphatic amine fire fighting. Water spray is recommended only to flush spills away to prevent exposures. In the aquatic environment, cyclohexylamine has a high (420 mg/L) toxicity threshold for bacteria (Pseudomonasputida) (68), and is considered biodegradable, that is, rnineralizable to CO2 and H2O, by acclimatized bacteria. 

Solutions of these fire retardant formulations are impregnated into wood under fliU cell pressure treatment to obtain dry chemical retentions of 65 to 95 kg/m this type of treatment greatly reduces flame-spread and afterglow. These effects are the result of changed thermal decomposition reactions that favor production of carbon dioxide and water (vapor) as opposed to more flammable components (55). Char oxidation (glowing or smoldering) is also inhibited. 

When heated to about 60°C, nickel carbonyl explodes. Eor both iron and nickel carbonyl, suitable fire extinguishers are water, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. Large amounts of iron pentacarbonyl also have been reported to ignite spontaneously (189). Solutions of molybdenum carbonyl have been reported to be capable of spontaneous detonation (190). The toxicity of industrial chemicals including metal carbonyls may be found in references 191-194. 

Eye contact should be followed by flushing the eyes with large amounts of water. If irritation persists, medical attention should be obtained. Skin contact should be followed by flushing with water, using soap if available. Neopentanoic acid is combustible and will bum. Eire should be extinguished with foam, dry chemical, or water spray. 

Fire Hazard. Although chlorosulfuric acid itself is not dammable, it may cause ignition by contact with combustible materials because of the heat of reaction. Open fires, open lights, and matches should not be used in or around tanks or containers where hydrogen gas may be collected because of the action of chlorosulfuric acid on metals. Water, carbon dioxide, and dry-chemical fire extinguishers should be kept readily available. 

If an ethyl ether fire occurs, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, and dry chemical fire extinguishers meeting National Eire Prevention Association Code 1 and 2 requirements may be used successhiUy (23). Water may also be effectively appHed (see Plant safety). Hose streams played into open tanks of burning ethyl ether serve only to scatter the Hquid and spread the fire. However, ether fires may be extinguished by a high pressure water spray that cools the burning surface and smothers the fire. Automatic sprinklers and deluge systems are also effective. 

Spaced-Bucket Centrifugal-Discharge Elevators These elevators (Fig. 21-5<7) are the most common. They are usually equipped with the style 1 or 2 buckets shown in Fig. 21-5/j. Mounted on a Belt or a chain, the buckets are spaced to prevent interference in loading or discharging. This type oi elevator will handle almost any free-flowing fine or small-lump material such as erain, coal, or dry chemicals. Buckets are loaded partly by material flowing directly into them... 

NFPA 17 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, 1998 edition. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

Remove casuaify from danger Wef chemicals Dry chemicals... 

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