Drugs hallucinogens

Drug hallucinogenic (poisonous—restricted use) stimulant in small doses medicinal. 

The patty drug MDMA (3,4-methylene-dioxymetham-phetamine) as well as amphetamine causes efflux of all monoamine neurotransmitters. The effects of MDMA are described as psychostimulant and hallucinogenic and are judged differently from those of amphetamine. This difference is due to the stronger inhibition of SERT by MDMA as compared with amphetamine, which is a more potent dopamine releaser and moreaddictivethan MDMA. 

The term psychedelic literally means mind manifesting and was applied to hallucinogens like LSD or mescaline to emphasize the intensification of awareness and sensory perception that is associated with these drugs. 

Gouzoulis- Mayfrank E, Hermle L, Thelen B et al (1998) History, rationale and potential human experimental hallucinogenic drug research in psychiatry. Pharmacopsychiatry (Suppl)31 63-68... 

Psychedelic Hallucinogen Psycho Energizers Psychomotor Stimulant Diugs Psychostimulants Psychotogenic Psychotomimetic Drugs PT... 

The active drug and metabolites can be detected from the urine by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. However, assays are available only at specialized centers. Treatment of acute intoxication with mescaline is virtually identical to the treatment outlined for LSD intoxication. DOM-induced vasospasm responds well to intra-arterial tolazohne or sodium nitroprusside. Major life-threatening complications of hallucinogenic amphetamine derivatives include hyperthermia, hypertension, convulsions, cardiovascular collapse, and self-inflicted trauma. 

Halpern JH, Pope HG Jr Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder what do we know after 30 years Drug Alcohol Depend 69 109—119, 2003 Halpern JH, Pope HG Jr, Sherwood AR, et al Residual neuropsychological effects of illicit 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in individuals with minimal exposure to other drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 7 149-152, 2004 Hatrick JA, Dewhurst K Delayed psychosis due to LSD. Lancet 2 742-744, 1970... 

Martin WR, Sloan JW Relationship of CNS tryptaminergic processes and the action of LSD-like hallucinogens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 24 393-399, 1986 McCall R Effects of hallucinogenic drugs on serotoninergic neuronal systems. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 24 359-363, 1986... 

Shulgin AT Hallucinogens, in Burger s Medicinal Chemistry, 4th Edition, Part 3. Edited by Wolff ME. New York, Wiley, 1981, pp 1109-1137 Shulgin AT Psychotomimetic drugs structure-activity relationships, in Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol 11. Edited by Iversen LD, Iversen SD, Snyder SH. New York, Plenum, 1978, pp 243-336... 

Garden City, NY, Medical Examination Publishing, 1981 Snyder SH, Faillace L 2,3-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-amphetamine (STP) a new hallucinogenic drug. Science 1388 669-670, 1967 Spielewoy C, Markou A Withdrawal from chronic phencyclidine treatment induces long-lasting depression in brain reward function. Neuropsychopharmacology 28 1106-1116,2003... 

Pontieri FE, Tanda G, Orzi F, et al Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs. Nature 382 235-237, 1996 Pontieri FE, Zocchi A, Orzi F Mapping of functional changes associated with administration of substances of abuse in the rat. Funct Neurol 13 311-326, 1998 Preble E, Laury GV Plastic cement the ten cent hallucinogen. Int J Addict 2 271— 272, 1967... 

Some neuroleptics, including clozapine, are potent 5-HT-receptor antagonists and the possible role of 5-HT in the action of neuroleptics and the development of schizophrenia has recently generated much interest (Busatto and Kerwin 1997). This has centred primarily on 5-HT2A receptors found in the limbic cortex, which are linked to neuronal excitation and believed to mediate the hallucinogenic effects of drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). 

MDMA typifies a central problem with the substituted amphetamine-type substances The fact that we know so little about any of these kinds of drugs. What does MDMA actually do What are the psychopharmacologi-cal properties that make it attractive for recreational use Is it just another hallucinogenic amphetamine, as some have asserted In the following... 

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