Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Table 6-4. DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for hallucinogen persisting perception disorder...

Patients seen for flashbacks are treated with oral diazepam (15—30 mg/day for adults) if symptoms of anxiety are severe (Rumack 1987). Neuroleptics, especially haloperidol, have been implicated in a transient increase in visual flashbacks and are not recommended (Moskowitz 1971 Strassman 1984). Risperidone and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may also worsen symptoms of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (Halpern and Pope 2003). The patient needs assurance of the self-limiting nature of the phenomenon and its decreasing frequency of reoccurrence with time. The patient should be reminded that any future use of hallucinogens or marijuana may precipitate similar symptoms (Strassman 1984). 

Halpern JH, Pope HG Jr Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder what do we know after 30 years Drug Alcohol Depend 69 109—119, 2003 Halpern JH, Pope HG Jr, Sherwood AR, et al Residual neuropsychological effects of illicit 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in individuals with minimal exposure to other drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 7 149-152, 2004 Hatrick JA, Dewhurst K Delayed psychosis due to LSD. Lancet 2 742-744, 1970... 

HPPD hallucinogen persisting perception disorder MF.l.AS mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic... 

Hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder Hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD), commonly called flashbacks, are phenomena where the person reexperiences aspects of the hallucinogenic trip long after it has ended. This is reported by approximately 15% of LSD users. 

Morehead, D. (1997) Exacerbation of hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder with risperidone. ] Clin Psychopharm 17 327-328. 

Such disorders are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IVj. They include hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, hallucinogen-induced anxiety disorder, hallucinogen-induced mood disorder, and hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorders. These mental disorders... 

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder is commonly called the flashback. While flashbacks are brief, usually lasting only a few seconds, these experiences often cause considerable anxiety and distress, due to the sudden, unanticipated onset of the episodes and the inability of the sufferer to control their occurrence. Psychotherapy is often sufficient treatment for anxiety and distress associated with flashbacks. Occasionally treatment with a long-acting tranquilizer, such as clonazepam, may be required. Anticonvulsant drugs, such as valproic acid and carbamazepine, have also been used to control flashbacks. However, antipsychotic drugs have been reported to exacerbate flashbacks and should not be prescribed. 

Some users also report episodes of hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD), commonly known as flashbacks. These episodes are spontaneous and repeated, and sometimes involve continuous recurrences of some of the sensory distortions experienced... 

Visual distortion with generalized anxiety and panic attacks has been attributed to risperidone (SEDA-22, 69). Visual disturbance resembling hallucinogen persistent perception disorder occurred after each of three consecutive risperidone dosage increases in a 55-year-old woman there was absence of substance abuse (129). 

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) has been reported after the use of psilocybin (13). 

Espiard ML, Lecardeur L, Abadie P, Halbecq I, Dollfus S. Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder after psilocybin consumption a case study. Eur Psychiatry 2005 20 458-6. 

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder What do we know after 50 years Dru and Alcohol Dependence, 69, 109-119. 

Young, C. R. (1997). Sertraline treatment of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,... 

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