Excipient drug carrier system

Thompson, D. O. 1997. Cyclodextrins-Enabling excipients Their present and future use in pharmaceuticals. Critical Review n Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems. 14 1-104. 

Thompson, D. Cyclodextrins—Enabling Excipients Their Present and Future Use in Pharmaceuticals, CRC Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, January, 1977. 

Thompson, D.O. Cyclodextrins-enabling excipients their present and future use in pharmaceuticals critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems. 1997, 14 (1), 1-104. 

Several excipients are commonly applied in the pharmaceutical industry to produce new drug delivery systems. These inactive ingredients may influence the interfacial phenomena of the drug carrier system, the behaviour of which determines both the efficacy and the quality of the pharmaceutical preparation. 

Parenteral administration is the primary route of testing delivery for nucleic acid therapeutics irrespective of whether systemic or local effects are desired. However, to some extent, pulmonary and oral routes are also investigated as potential routes for local targeting to treat cystic fibrosis or colonic tissue (171-173). For nonparenteral delivery, the use of pharmaceutical excipients in the formulation is critical. In addition, the production costs of nucleic acid therapeutic-containing drug delivery systems should be minimized. Even for intravenously or subcutaneously injected nucleic acid-based therapeutics, the use of protective carriers is most likely necessary, and advantageous as compared to injection of the naked RNA or DNA. Carriers can be divided into viral or... 

Until the beginning of the twenty-first century, in pharmacy, the particles in a colloidal system usually did not consist of active substances but of excipients, such as viscosity enhancers. The number of pubUcations in the pharmaceutical literature on colloidal systems in which the dispersed particles solely consist of a drug substance or consist of carrier systems in which an active substance has been incorporated, however, has increased dramatically in recent years. 

Polymeric materials for continuous long-term release of entrapped substances (excipients) have been utilized extensively in the last two decades in drug delivery systems. These polymers can be classified into two major groups as shown in Table I. The non-erodible carriers, such as polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol and poly(2-hydroxy methacrylate) have been used widely in sensor preparation mainly as supports for physical or chemical immobilization of fluorescent molecules or enzymes. As discussed above, EVA has been shown to be appropriate as a reservoir polymer for sensor development. 

Uses Excipient, bioavailability enhancer, coemulsifier for self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems carrier, solubilizer for liqs. and capsules oil phase or cosurfactant in microemulsions penetrant in topical preps. food additive Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 172.856 worldwide food additive status E477, JSFA... 

At present, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are not used as commonly in the United States as are pMDIs. DPIs have been the last pharmaceutical inhalation aerosol system developed. Although the concept of operation is readily envisioned for these devices, the development of an efficient dry powder dispersion device intended for lung delivery has been notoriously difficult. Most of these devices function by using interactive mixtures of fine drug particles (1-5 pm diameter) and carrier excipient particles (usually 75 200 pm). Some evidence suggests that DPI performance is dictated largely by the physicochemical properties of the excipients used (5). However, as will be discussed, the availability of different choices of excipients is very limited, particularly in the United States. 

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